Comparison of midazolam and butorphanol combined with ketamine or dexmedetomidine for chemical restraint in howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) for vasectomy. 2020

Natália Fagundes, and Marina Lopes Castro, and Renata Andrade Silva, and Marcos Paulo Antunes De Lima, and Carolina Silveira Braga, and Eduardo Almeida Ruivo Dos Santos, and Moira Ansolch Oliveira, and Claudio Roberto Scabelo Mattoso, and Eutálio Luiz Mariani Pimenta, and Suzane Lilian Beier
Veterinary School, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

This study evaluated and compared cardiorespiratory and blood gas parameters, as well as sedation, analgesia and recovery of two protocols: ketamine (10 mg/kg) or dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg), with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg), IM (KBM and DBM, respectively) in brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans). Twelve brown howler monkeys were selected in two groups and evaluated for cardiorespiratory parameters and sedation, from 5-30 minutes after latency. Blood gas and arterial lactate were taken at 5 and 30 minutes. In the end, time and quality of recovery were evaluated. The HR in DBM group was significantly lower at all times. The sedation score was higher in DBM. Recovery in DBM was faster. All animals had moderate hypoxaemia. Both protocols produce satisfactory anaesthesia and analgesia, but DBM provides deeper sedation with faster recovery. Oxygen supplementation is recommended in both due to hypoxaemia.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007649 Ketamine A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors. 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone,CI-581,Calipsol,Calypsol,Kalipsol,Ketalar,Ketamine Hydrochloride,Ketanest,Ketaset,CI 581,CI581
D008874 Midazolam A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH. Dormicum,Midazolam Hydrochloride,Midazolam Maleate,Ro 21-3981,Versed,Hydrochloride, Midazolam,Maleate, Midazolam,Ro 21 3981,Ro 213981
D002077 Butorphanol A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain. 17-(Cyclobutylmethyl)morphinan-3,14-diol,Apo-Butorphanol,BC-2627,Beforal,Butorphanol Tartrate,Dolorex,Moradol,Stadol,Stadol NS,Torbugesic,BC 2627,BC2627
D004338 Drug Combinations Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture. Drug Combination,Combination, Drug,Combinations, Drug
D000508 Alouatta A genus of the subfamily ALOUATTINAE, family ATELIDAE, inhabiting the forests of Central and South America. Howlers travel in groups and define their territories by howling accompanied by vigorously shaking and breaking branches. Monkey, Howler,Howler Monkeys,Alouattas,Howler Monkey,Monkeys, Howler
D000698 Analgesia Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS. Analgesias
D014659 Vasectomy Surgical removal of the ductus deferens, or a portion of it. It is done in association with prostatectomy, or to induce infertility. (Dorland, 28th ed) Intravasal Thread,Vas Ligation,Vas Occlusion,Vas Occlusion, Nonchemical,Vasectomy Seekers,Vasectomy Seekers, Refused,Intravasal Threads,Ligation, Vas,Ligations, Vas,Nonchemical Vas Occlusion,Nonchemical Vas Occlusions,Occlusion, Nonchemical Vas,Occlusion, Vas,Occlusions, Nonchemical Vas,Occlusions, Vas,Refused Vasectomy Seeker,Refused Vasectomy Seekers,Seeker, Refused Vasectomy,Seeker, Vasectomy,Seekers, Refused Vasectomy,Seekers, Vasectomy,Thread, Intravasal,Threads, Intravasal,Vas Ligations,Vas Occlusions,Vas Occlusions, Nonchemical,Vasectomies,Vasectomy Seeker,Vasectomy Seeker, Refused
D020927 Dexmedetomidine An imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound. Cepedex,Dexdomitor,Dexdor,Igalmi,Sedadex,Sileo,Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride,MPV-1440,Precedex,Hydrochloride, Dexmedetomidine,MPV 1440,MPV1440

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