Biomaterial Database

Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus by Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae). 2020

John F Anderson, and Andrew J Main, and Francis J Ferrandino

Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT.

West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) first caused human and veterinary disease, and was isolated from Culex pipiens pipiens L. and Aedes vexans (Meigen) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the United States in 1999. We report that a Connecticut strain of Ae. vexans was competent to transmit West Nile virus both horizontally to suckling mice and vertically to its progeny in the laboratory. Horizontal transmission was first observed on day 6 post-exposure (pe). Daily horizontal transmission rates generally increased with the day post-virus exposure with highest rates of 67-100% recorded on days 28-30 pe. One female vertically transmitted West Nile virus on day 21 pe, but only after it had taken its third bloodmeal. Horizontal and vertical transmission may contribute to West Nile virus infection rates in Ae. vexans in summer, and vertical transmission provides a means of survival of West Nile virus during winter.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D005260	Female		Females
D000072138	Mosquito Vectors	Mosquitoes (members of the family CULICIDAE) that transmit pathogens or their intermediate forms from one host to another.	Mosquito Vector,Vector, Mosquito,Vectors, Mosquito
D000330	Aedes	A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.	Aede
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014901	West Nile Fever	A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)	Kunjin virus Infection,Encephalitis, West Nile Fever,WNV Infection,West Nile Fever Encephalitis,West Nile Fever Meningitis,West Nile Fever Meningoencephalitis,West Nile Fever Myelitis,West Nile Virus Infection,Infection, Kunjin virus,Infection, WNV,Kunjin virus Infections,WNV Infections
D014902	West Nile virus	A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.	Egypt 101 virus,Kunjin virus
D051379	Mice	The common name for the genus Mus.	Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D018445	Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical	The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.	Fetomaternal Infection Transmission,Infection Transmission, Fetomaternal,Infection Transmission, Maternal-Fetal,Infection Transmission, Vertical,Maternal-Fetal Infection Transmission,Mother-to-Child Transmission,Pathogen Transmission, Vertical,Vertical Infection Transmission,Vertical Infectious Disease Transmission,Vertical Transmission of Infectious Disease,Infection Transmission, Maternal Fetal,Maternal Fetal Infection Transmission,Mother to Child Transmission,Mother-to-Child Transmissions,Transmission, Fetomaternal Infection,Transmission, Maternal-Fetal Infection,Transmission, Mother-to-Child,Transmission, Vertical Infection,Transmission, Vertical Pathogen,Transmissions, Mother-to-Child,Vertical Pathogen Transmission
D018562	Disease Transmission, Infectious	The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal or vertical (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).	Close-Contact Infectious Disease Transmission,Close-Contact Transmission,Community Spread,Community Transmission,Disease Superspreader Event,Disease Superspreading,Droplet Transmission of Infectious Disease,Droplet Transmission, Infectious Disease,Infectious Disease Droplet Transmission,Person-to-Person Transmission,Autochthonous Transmission,Communicable Disease Transmission,Horizontal Transmission of Infection,Horizontal Transmission of Infectious Disease,Infection Transmission,Infection Transmission, Horizontal,Infectious Disease Transmission,Infectious Disease Transmission, Horizontal,Pathogen Transmission,Pathogen Transmission, Horizontal,Transmission of Infectious Disease,Transmission, Infectious Disease,Autochthonous Transmissions,Close Contact Infectious Disease Transmission,Close Contact Transmission,Close-Contact Transmissions,Community Transmissions,Disease Superspreader Events,Disease Superspreadings,Disease Transmission, Communicable,Event, Disease Superspreader,Events, Disease Superspreader,Infection Horizontal Transmission,Person to Person Transmission,Superspreader Event, Disease,Superspreader Events, Disease,Superspreading, Disease,Superspreadings, Disease,Transmission, Autochthonous,Transmission, Close-Contact,Transmission, Communicable Disease,Transmission, Infection,Transmission, Pathogen,Transmission, Person-to-Person,Transmissions, Autochthonous,Transmissions, Community