A multiple fascicle muscle force model of the human triceps surae. 2020

Loren Z F Chiu, and Torstein E Dæhlin, and Jason P Carey
Neuromusculoskeletal Mechanics Research Program, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H9 AB, Canada. Electronic address: Loren.Chiu@ualberta.ca.

Muscle is typically modelled using a lump sum idealization, scaling a single fascicle to represent the entire muscle. However, fascicles within a muscle have unique orientations, which could result in forces exerted not only in the axis running along the tendon, but also the two perpendicular axes, describing the muscle's width and depth. The purpose of this research was to develop a geometric-based model of the soleus, medial gastrocnemius, and lateral gastrocnemius as distributed force systems which can predict three-dimensional forces. Measurements were taken from the triceps surae in two human cadavers (80 and 85 years old). These models predicted muscle volumes and ankle plantar flexor moments that were realistic considering the age of the cadavers. Small differences were observed in calcaneal tendon force and moment for the distributed force models compared to modelling muscle force using a lump sum idealization. The major finding of the distributed force models was that forces were present in the axes corresponding to the muscle's length, width, and depth. The forces in the width and depth axes may be relevant for evaluating how muscle shape changes during contraction, as well as to investigate stress-strain patterns along the muscle's proximal and distal aponeuroses.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007866 Leg The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE. Legs
D008954 Models, Biological Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D009119 Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. Inotropism,Muscular Contraction,Contraction, Muscle,Contraction, Muscular,Contractions, Muscle,Contractions, Muscular,Inotropisms,Muscle Contractions,Muscular Contractions
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000069262 Plantar Plate Fibrocartilaginous ligament at the metatarsophalangeal and the interphalangeal joint of the toe. Ligamenta Plantaria,Ligamenta Tarsometatarsea Plantaria,Plantar Ligament,Toe Volar Ligament,Toe Volar Plate,Volar Ligament, Toe,Ligament, Plantar,Ligament, Toe Volar,Ligamenta Plantarias,Ligamenta Tarsometatarsea Plantarias,Ligaments, Plantar,Ligaments, Toe Volar,Plantar Ligaments,Plantar Plates,Plantaria, Ligamenta,Plantarias, Ligamenta,Plate, Plantar,Plate, Toe Volar,Plates, Plantar,Plates, Toe Volar,Tarsometatarsea Plantaria, Ligamenta,Toe Volar Ligaments,Toe Volar Plates,Volar Ligaments, Toe,Volar Plate, Toe,Volar Plates, Toe
D000125 Achilles Tendon Tendon that connects the muscles in the back of the calf to the HEEL BONE. Calcaneal Tendon,Tendo Calcaneus,Calcaneal Tendons,Tendon, Achilles,Tendon, Calcaneal,Tendons, Calcaneal
D000369 Aged, 80 and over Persons 80 years of age and older. Oldest Old
D000842 Ankle The region of the lower limb between the FOOT and the LEG. Tarsus,Regio tarsalis,Ankles
D001696 Biomechanical Phenomena The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces. Biomechanics,Kinematics,Biomechanic Phenomena,Mechanobiological Phenomena,Biomechanic,Biomechanic Phenomenas,Phenomena, Biomechanic,Phenomena, Biomechanical,Phenomena, Mechanobiological,Phenomenas, Biomechanic
D018482 Muscle, Skeletal A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles. Anterior Tibial Muscle,Gastrocnemius Muscle,Muscle, Voluntary,Plantaris Muscle,Skeletal Muscle,Soleus Muscle,Muscle, Anterior Tibial,Muscle, Gastrocnemius,Muscle, Plantaris,Muscle, Soleus,Muscles, Skeletal,Muscles, Voluntary,Skeletal Muscles,Tibial Muscle, Anterior,Voluntary Muscle,Voluntary Muscles

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