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West Nile Virus: An Emerging Threat in Transplant Population. 2020

Anna Mrzljak, and Petra Dinjar-Kujundzic, and Marija Santini, and Ljubo Barbic, and Iva Kosuta, and Vladimir Savic, and Irena Tabain, and Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
Department of Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.

West Nile virus (WNV) has become one of the new challenges for transplant programs. In addition to transmission by mosquito bite, interhuman transmission is possible through blood products or organ transplantation. Majority of WNV infections present as asymptomatic or mild febrile illness, with less than 1% of infected developing neuroinvasive disease. Many studies report naturally acquired or donor-derived WNV infections in solid-organ transplant recipients, mainly kidney, but also liver, heart, lungs and pancreas. Given the much higher risk of neuroinvasive disease (40% and even higher) based on serologic and clinical studies and increased mortality in transplant population, WNV infection should be considered in all patients presented with fever and neurological symptoms after transplantation, especially during the arbovirus transmission season.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014901 West Nile Fever A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71) Kunjin virus Infection,Encephalitis, West Nile Fever,WNV Infection,West Nile Fever Encephalitis,West Nile Fever Meningitis,West Nile Fever Meningoencephalitis,West Nile Fever Myelitis,West Nile Virus Infection,Infection, Kunjin virus,Infection, WNV,Kunjin virus Infections,WNV Infections
D014902 West Nile virus A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals. Egypt 101 virus,Kunjin virus
D016377 Organ Transplantation Transference of an organ between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species. Grafting, Organ,Transplantation, Organ,Graftings, Organ,Organ Grafting,Organ Graftings,Organ Transplantations,Transplantations, Organ
D021821 Communicable Diseases, Emerging Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode. Infectious Diseases, Emerging,Communicable Diseases, Re-Emerging,Communicable Diseases, Reemerging,Infectious Diseases, Re-Emerging,Infectious Diseases, Reemerging,Communicable Disease, Emerging,Communicable Disease, Re-Emerging,Communicable Disease, Reemerging,Communicable Diseases, Re Emerging,Disease, Emerging Communicable,Disease, Emerging Infectious,Disease, Re-Emerging Communicable,Disease, Re-Emerging Infectious,Disease, Reemerging Communicable,Disease, Reemerging Infectious,Diseases, Emerging Communicable,Diseases, Emerging Infectious,Diseases, Re-Emerging Communicable,Diseases, Re-Emerging Infectious,Diseases, Reemerging Communicable,Diseases, Reemerging Infectious,Emerging Communicable Disease,Emerging Communicable Diseases,Emerging Infectious Disease,Emerging Infectious Diseases,Infectious Disease, Emerging,Infectious Disease, Re-Emerging,Infectious Disease, Reemerging,Infectious Diseases, Re Emerging,Re-Emerging Communicable Disease,Re-Emerging Communicable Diseases,Re-Emerging Infectious Disease,Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases,Reemerging Communicable Disease,Reemerging Communicable Diseases,Reemerging Infectious Disease,Reemerging Infectious Diseases
D066027 Transplant Recipients Individuals receiving tissues or organs transferred from another individual of the same or different species, or from within the same individual. Recipient, Transplant,Recipients, Transplant,Transplant Recipient

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