Biomaterial Database

Glucose in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus regulates GLP-1 release. 2020

Yue Ma, and Risheka Ratnasabapathy, and Ivan De Backer, and Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya, and Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu, and Joyceline Cuenco, and Ben Jones, and Christopher D John, and Brian Yh Lam, and Guy A Rutter, and Giles Sh Yeo, and Waljit S Dhillo, and James Gardiner

Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine and.

Glucokinase (GK) is highly expressed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN); however, its role is currently unknown. We found that GK in the PVN acts as part of a glucose-sensing mechanism within the PVN that regulates glucose homeostasis by controlling glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release. GLP-1 is released from enteroendocrine L cells in response to oral glucose. Here we identify a brain mechanism critical to the release of GLP-1 in response to oral glucose. We show that increasing expression of GK or injection of glucose into the PVN increases GLP-1 release in response to oral glucose. On the contrary, decreasing expression of GK or injection of nonmetabolizable glucose into the PVN prevents GLP-1 release. Our results demonstrate that gluco-sensitive GK neurons in the PVN are critical to the response to oral glucose and subsequent release of GLP-1.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D010286	Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus	Nucleus in the anterior part of the HYPOTHALAMUS.	Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus,Paraventricular Nucleus,Hypothalamic Nucleus, Paraventricular,Nucleus, Hypothalamic Paraventricular,Nucleus, Paraventricular,Nucleus, Paraventricular Hypothalamic,Paraventricular Nucleus, Hypothalamic
D011920	Rats, Inbred WF	An inbred strain of rat that is used in BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH.	Rats, Inbred Wistar Furth,Rats, Wistar Furth,Rats, WF,Inbred WF Rat,Inbred WF Rats,Rat, Inbred WF,Rat, WF,WF Rat,WF Rat, Inbred,WF Rats,WF Rats, Inbred,Wistar Furth Rats
D005941	Glucokinase	A group of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and D-glucose to ADP and D-glucose 6-phosphate. They are found in invertebrates and microorganisms, and are highly specific for glucose. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.2.
D005947	Glucose	A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.	Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D051381	Rats	The common name for the genus Rattus.	Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D052216	Glucagon-Like Peptide 1	A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	GLP-1,Glucagon-Like Peptide-1,GLP 1,Glucagon Like Peptide 1