Significance of Clostridium difficile in community-acquired diarrhea in a tertiary care center in Lebanon. 2020

Reem Al Assaad, and Alik Dakessian, and Rana Bachir, and Abdul Rahman Bizri, and Mazen El Sayed
Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is becoming a cause of community-acquired diarrhea. The aim is to describe (CDI) as a cause of acute diarrhea in patients presenting from the community to the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary care center in Lebanon. A retrospective study conducted in the ED at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC). Adult patients presenting with the chief complaint of diarrhea and having positive CDI by stool laboratory testing (toxins A and B), during a three-year period were included. 125 patients with CDI were included. Average age was 61.43 (±20.42) with roughly equal sex prevalence. 30% (n = 36) of patients had neither antibiotic exposure nor recent hospitalization prior to current CDI. Mortality was 9.6% (n = 12), CDI was attributed as the cause in 16.7% (n = 2) and a contributing factor in 41.6% (n = 5). Recurrence within 3 months occurred in 9.6% (n = 11) in mainly those taking Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) and having multiple co-morbidities. There is a high rate of community acquired CDI in Lebanon. Review of patients' medications (PPIs and antibiotics) is crucial. More studies are needed to assess mortality associated with CDI and the outcome of coinfection with other enteric pathogens.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007861 Lebanon A country located in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria. The capital is Beirut. Lebanese Republic
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D012008 Recurrence The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. Recrudescence,Relapse,Recrudescences,Recurrences,Relapses
D003015 Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species. Clostridioides Infections,Clostridioides difficile Infection,Clostridioides perfringens Food Poisoning,Clostridioides perfringens Infections,Clostridioides sordellii Infection,Clostridium difficile Infections,Clostridium sordellii Infections,Clostridium difficile Infection,Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning,Clostridium perfringens Infections,Clostridium sordellii Infection,Infections, Clostridium,Clostridioides Infection,Clostridioides perfringens Infection,Clostridium Infection,Clostridium perfringens Infection,Infection, Clostridioides difficile,Infection, Clostridioides sordellii,Infection, Clostridium,Infection, Clostridium difficile,Infection, Clostridium sordellii
D003428 Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution. Hospital Infections,Nosocomial Infections,Health Care Associated Infection,Health Care Associated Infections,Healthcare Associated Infections,Infection, Cross,Infections, Hospital,Infections, Nosocomial,Cross Infections,Healthcare Associated Infection,Hospital Infection,Infection, Healthcare Associated,Infection, Hospital,Infection, Nosocomial,Infections, Cross,Infections, Healthcare Associated,Nosocomial Infection
D003955 Diagnostic Tests, Routine Diagnostic procedures, such as laboratory tests and x-rays, routinely performed on all individuals or specified categories of individuals in a specified situation, e.g., patients being admitted to the hospital. These include routine tests administered to neonates. Admission Tests, Routine,Hospital Admission Tests,Physical Examination, Preadmission,Routine Diagnostic Tests,Admission Tests, Hospital,Diagnostic Test, Routine,Diagnostic Tests,Examination, Preadmission Physical,Preadmission Physical Examination,Routine Diagnostic Test,Test, Routine Diagnostic,Tests, Diagnostic,Tests, Hospital Admission,Tests, Routine Diagnostic,Admission Test, Hospital,Admission Test, Routine,Diagnostic Test,Examinations, Preadmission Physical,Hospital Admission Test,Physical Examinations, Preadmission,Preadmission Physical Examinations,Routine Admission Test,Routine Admission Tests,Test, Diagnostic,Test, Hospital Admission,Test, Routine Admission,Tests, Routine Admission
D003967 Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. Diarrheas
D005243 Feces Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
D005260 Female Females

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