Insights into PPARγ Phosphorylation and Its Inhibition Mechanism. 2020

Roberta Montanari, and Davide Capelli, and Keiko Yamamoto, and Hirono Awaishima, and Kimina Nishikata, and Arjan Barendregt, and Albert J R Heck, and Fulvio Loiodice, and Fabio Altieri, and Alessandro Paiardini, and Alessandro Grottesi, and Luciano Pirone, and Emilia Pedone, and Franck Peiretti, and Jean Michel Brunel, and Toshimasa Itoh, and Giorgio Pochetti
Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy.

PPARγ represents a key target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Synthetic antidiabetic drugs activating PPARγ are accompanied by serious undesirable side effects related to their agonism. In the search for new PPARγ regulators, inhibitors of PPARγ phosphorylation on S245 mediated by CDK5 represent an opportunity for the development of an improved generation of antidiabetic drugs acting through this nuclear receptor. We have employed a multidisciplinary approach, including protein-protein docking, X-ray crystallography, NMR, HDX, MD simulations, and site-directed mutagenesis to investigate conformational changes in PPARγ that impair the ability of CDK5 to interact with PPARγ and hence inhibit PPARγ phosphorylation. Finally, we describe an alternative inhibition mechanism adopted by a ligand bound far from the phosphorylation site.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009154 Mutation Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations. Mutations
D009419 Nerve Tissue Proteins Proteins, Nerve Tissue,Tissue Proteins, Nerve
D010666 Phenylpropionates Derivatives of 3-phenylpropionic acid, including its salts and esters.
D010766 Phosphorylation The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety. Phosphorylations
D011485 Protein Binding The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments. Plasma Protein Binding Capacity,Binding, Protein
D011487 Protein Conformation The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain). Conformation, Protein,Conformations, Protein,Protein Conformations
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000595 Amino Acid Sequence The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein
D001713 Biphenyl Compounds Whitish aromatic crystalline organic compounds made up of two conjoined BENZENE rings. Compounds, Biphenyl
D012694 Serine A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids. L-Serine,L Serine

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