Imaging assessment of local recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. 2020

Michael J Magnetta, and David Casalino, and Matthew T Heller
Division of Abdominal Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.

Definitive therapy for prostate cancer includes radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. Treatment is elected based on patient preference, biological tumor factors, and underlying health. Post prostatectomy, men are surveyed for disease recurrence with serial PSA measurements, digital rectal exam, and imaging studies depending on nomogram predicted risk of local disease recurrence and distant metastasis. In men with rising PSA levels, pathologically incomplete surgical margins or, if symptoms of metastasis develop, imaging may be obtained to localize disease. In cases of known biochemical recurrence, imaging is used to target biopsy, to contour in salvage radiation therapy and to assess disease response. For local disease recurrence, the most commonly performed exams are pelvic MRI and transrectal US. CT can evaluate for lymph node metastasis, but is suboptimal in the evaluation of the prostatectomy bed. PET/CT and PET/MRI have been used successfully to evaluate for local disease recurrence. The PI-RADSv2.1 manual provides a risk level and lexicon for use in description of prostate carcinoma prior to prostatectomy, but does not address imaging features post-surgery. A detailed description of nodal, bony, and visceral metastasis is given elsewhere. This manuscript outlines the context in which appropriate imaging exams may be obtained and focuses on imaging findings concerning for local disease recurrence after prostatectomy on various imaging modalities including CT, US, MRI, and PET.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009364 Neoplasm Recurrence, Local The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site. Local Neoplasm Recurrence,Local Neoplasm Recurrences,Locoregional Neoplasm Recurrence,Neoplasm Recurrence, Locoregional,Neoplasm Recurrences, Local,Recurrence, Local Neoplasm,Recurrence, Locoregional Neoplasm,Recurrences, Local Neoplasm,Locoregional Neoplasm Recurrences,Neoplasm Recurrences, Locoregional,Recurrences, Locoregional Neoplasm
D011468 Prostatectomy Complete or partial surgical removal of the prostate. Three primary approaches are commonly employed: suprapubic - removal through an incision above the pubis and through the urinary bladder; retropubic - as for suprapubic but without entering the urinary bladder; and transurethral (TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE). Prostatectomy, Retropubic,Prostatectomy, Suprapubic,Prostatectomies,Prostatectomies, Retropubic,Prostatectomies, Suprapubic,Retropubic Prostatectomies,Retropubic Prostatectomy,Suprapubic Prostatectomies,Suprapubic Prostatectomy
D011471 Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. Cancer of Prostate,Prostate Cancer,Cancer of the Prostate,Neoplasms, Prostate,Neoplasms, Prostatic,Prostate Neoplasms,Prostatic Cancer,Cancer, Prostate,Cancer, Prostatic,Cancers, Prostate,Cancers, Prostatic,Neoplasm, Prostate,Neoplasm, Prostatic,Prostate Cancers,Prostate Neoplasm,Prostatic Cancers,Prostatic Neoplasm
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000072078 Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography An imaging technique that combines a POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) scanner and a CT X RAY scanner. This establishes a precise anatomic localization in the same session. CT PET,CT PET Scan,PET CT Scan,PET-CT,PET-CT Scan,Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography,CT PET Scans,CT Scan, PET,CT Scans, PET,PET CT Scans,PET Scan, CT,PET Scans, CT,PET-CT Scans,Scan, CT PET,Scan, PET CT,Scan, PET-CT,Scans, CT PET,Scans, PET CT,Scans, PET-CT
D017430 Prostate-Specific Antigen A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Kallikrein hK3,gamma-Seminoprotein,hK3 Kallikrein,Prostate Specific Antigen,Semenogelase,Seminin,Kallikrein, hK3,gamma Seminoprotein

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