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To determine long-term survival and the prognostic factors of dilated cardiomyopathy, we retrospectively studied a consecutive series of 111 patients (95 men, 16 women, mean age: 45.5 +/- 8.1 years) undergoing cardiac catheterization and diagnostic coronary angiography from January 1970 to December 1979. The inclusion criteria were: normal coronary angiography, diffuse hypokinesia of the left ventricle and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50%. Base-line clinical data were collected from the hospital records and follow-up data were obtained from the general practitioners and cardiologists. A questionnaire was sent to all living patients. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 to 16 years. Six patients (5%) were lost to follow-up. At the time of catheterization, a majority of the patients had dyspnea and were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes II (41%) and III (31%). Clinical history revealed an excessive alcohol consumption in 56% of the patients. During follow-up, 66 patients (63%) died (heart failure: 37%; sudden death: 19%; non-cardiac death: 15%; unknown cause: 27%). Actuarial survival was 90, 50, and 33% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that 10-year mortality was related to: left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%; left ventricular end-diastolic pressure greater than 10 mm Hg; cardiothoracic ratio greater than 54%; episodes of heart failure; left ventricular end-diastolic volume greater than 200 ml/m2, dyspnea of NYHA class III or IV; absence of smoking; absence of moderate systemic hypertension; electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and mean systemic arterial pressure greater than 95 mm Hg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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