Biomaterial Database

Distinctive effect of ginseng saponins on development of morphine tolerance in guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens. 1988

J Watanabe, and M Takahashi, and H Kaneto

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan.

Studies on the effect of ginseng saponins on the development of tolerance to morphine have been carried out using isolated preparations of guinea-pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD). Incubation of GPI preparation with morphine resulted in the development of tolerance to the inhibitory effect of morphine on the electrically evoked contractions. Ginseng total saponins and one of the constituents, protopanaxatriol saponin, suppressed the development of morphine tolerance in a concentration dependent manner in GPI preparation, though another constituent, protopanaxadiol saponin, did not affect the tolerance development substantially. In the MVD preparation, the development of tolerance to the morphine effect was observed as well, but none of the ginseng saponins affected it. It has been well established that electrically evoked contractions of GPI and MVD are mediated by acetylcholine and norepinephrine, respectively, and presumably their release is regulated presynaptically by opioid receptors. The fact that ginseng saponins suppressed the development of morphine tolerance only in the GPI preparation suggest that the inhibitory effect is mediated through and effect on the cholinergic system, without the involvement of direct action on opioid receptors.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007082	Ileum	The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.
D008297	Male		Males
D009020	Morphine	The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.	Morphine Sulfate,Duramorph,MS Contin,Morphia,Morphine Chloride,Morphine Sulfate (2:1), Anhydrous,Morphine Sulfate (2:1), Pentahydrate,Oramorph SR,SDZ 202-250,SDZ202-250,Chloride, Morphine,Contin, MS,SDZ 202 250,SDZ 202250,SDZ202 250,SDZ202250,Sulfate, Morphine
D010946	Plants, Medicinal	Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.	Herbs, Medicinal,Medicinal Herbs,Healing Plants,Medicinal Plants,Pharmaceutical Plants,Healing Plant,Herb, Medicinal,Medicinal Herb,Medicinal Plant,Pharmaceutical Plant,Plant, Healing,Plant, Medicinal,Plant, Pharmaceutical,Plants, Healing,Plants, Pharmaceutical
D004361	Drug Tolerance	Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.	Drug Tolerances,Tolerance, Drug,Tolerances, Drug
D005894	Panax	An araliaceous genus of plants that contains a number of pharmacologically active agents used as stimulants, sedatives, and tonics, especially in traditional medicine. Sometimes confused with Siberian ginseng (ELEUTHEROCOCCUS).	Ginseng,Korean Ginseng,Korean Red Ginseng,Panax ginseng,Jen Shen,Ninjin,Renshen,Schinseng,Shinseng,Ginseng, Korean,Ginseng, Korean Red,Ginsengs,Jen Shens,Korean Ginsengs,Korean Red Ginsengs,Ninjins,Red Ginseng, Korean,Renshens,Schinsengs,Shen, Jen,Shinsengs
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012503	Saponins	A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycone moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose.	Saponin
D014649	Vas Deferens	The excretory duct of the testes that carries SPERMATOZOA. It rises from the SCROTUM and joins the SEMINAL VESICLES to form the ejaculatory duct.	Ductus Deferens,Deferens, Ductus,Deferens, Vas