Pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief for office hysteroscopy: an up-to-date review. 2020

G Riemma, and A Schiattarella, and N Colacurci, and S G Vitale, and S Cianci, and A Cianci, and P De Franciscis
Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.

In-office hysteroscopy is considered the standard technique for visualization of the uterine cavity and the diagnosis of intrauterine pathologies. Moreover, nowadays, it is possible to treat a vast number of intracavitary diseases in the office, without the need for the inpatient setting. However, in some cases, pain might occur, and this is the most common reason for not completing the procedure. Over the last 20 years, many efforts have been carried out to miniaturize the instrumentation and to improve the techniques in order to avoid discomfort. Nonetheless, hysteroscopy still provokes distress for many patients. For this reason, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for intraoperative and postoperative pain relief have been widely used for in-office hysteroscopy, with different results in various groups of women. The purpose of this review was to analyze the current literature on pharmacological aids (non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, antispasmodics, local anesthetics, prostaglandins, opioids) and non-pharmacological interventions (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, uterine stretching, uterine pressure, warming of distension medium, hypnosis, music, vocal-local) and to evaluate their impact on the relief from pain experienced during in-office hysteroscopy.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010149 Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery. Acute Post-operative Pain,Acute Postoperative Pain,Chronic Post-operative Pain,Chronic Post-surgical Pain,Chronic Postoperative Pain,Chronic Postsurgical Pain,Pain, Post-operative,Persistent Postsurgical Pain,Post-operative Pain,Post-operative Pain, Acute,Post-operative Pain, Chronic,Post-surgical Pain,Postoperative Pain, Acute,Postoperative Pain, Chronic,Postsurgical Pain,Postoperative Pain,Acute Post operative Pain,Chronic Post operative Pain,Chronic Post surgical Pain,Chronic Postsurgical Pains,Pain, Acute Post-operative,Pain, Acute Postoperative,Pain, Chronic Post-operative,Pain, Chronic Post-surgical,Pain, Chronic Postoperative,Pain, Chronic Postsurgical,Pain, Persistent Postsurgical,Pain, Post operative,Pain, Post-surgical,Pain, Postsurgical,Post operative Pain,Post operative Pain, Acute,Post operative Pain, Chronic,Post surgical Pain,Post-operative Pains,Post-surgical Pain, Chronic,Postsurgical Pain, Chronic,Postsurgical Pain, Persistent
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000073818 Pain, Procedural Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures. Procedural Pain
D000556 Ambulatory Surgical Procedures Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter. Ambulatory Surgery,Day Surgery,Office Surgery,Outpatient Surgery,Surgery, Office,Surgery, Outpatient,Ambulatory Surgical Procedure,Procedure, Ambulatory Surgical,Procedures, Ambulatory Surgical,Surgery, Ambulatory,Surgery, Day,Surgical Procedure, Ambulatory,Surgical Procedures, Ambulatory,Ambulatory Surgeries,Day Surgeries,Office Surgeries,Outpatient Surgeries,Surgeries, Ambulatory,Surgeries, Day,Surgeries, Office,Surgeries, Outpatient
D000700 Analgesics Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS. Analgesic,Anodynes,Antinociceptive Agents,Analgesic Agents,Analgesic Drugs,Agents, Analgesic,Agents, Antinociceptive,Drugs, Analgesic
D015907 Hysteroscopy Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the uterus. Endoscopy, Uterine,Hysteroscopic Surgical Procedures,Surgical Procedures, Hysteroscopic,Uterine Endoscopy,Hysteroscopic Surgery,Surgery, Hysteroscopic,Uteroscopy,Endoscopies, Uterine,Hysteroscopic Surgeries,Hysteroscopic Surgical Procedure,Hysteroscopies,Procedure, Hysteroscopic Surgical,Procedures, Hysteroscopic Surgical,Surgeries, Hysteroscopic,Surgical Procedure, Hysteroscopic,Uterine Endoscopies,Uteroscopies
D059408 Pain Management A form of therapy that employs a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of those experiencing pain. Management, Pain,Managements, Pain,Pain Managements
D026741 Physical Therapy Modalities Therapeutic modalities frequently used in PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALTY by PHYSICAL THERAPISTS or physiotherapists to promote, maintain, or restore the physical and physiological well-being of an individual. Physical Therapy,Physiotherapy (Techniques),Group Physiotherapy,Neurological Physiotherapy,Neurophysiotherapy,Physical Therapy Techniques,Group Physiotherapies,Modalities, Physical Therapy,Modality, Physical Therapy,Physical Therapies,Physical Therapy Modality,Physical Therapy Technique,Physiotherapies (Techniques),Physiotherapies, Group,Physiotherapy, Group,Physiotherapy, Neurological,Techniques, Physical Therapy,Therapy, Physical

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