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Impaired baroreflex changes in muscle sympathetic nerve activity in adolescents who have a family history of essential hypertension. 1988

Y Yamada, and E Miyajima, and O Tochikubo, and T Matsukawa, and H Shionoiri, and M Ishii, and Y Kaneko
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan.

To evaluate the baroreflex changes and basal sympathetic vasomotor tone among three groups of adolescent normotensives or borderline hypertensives with and normotensives without a family history of hypertension, we continuously recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity, arterial pressure and heart interval. Baroreflex slopes were calculated either by plotting the heart interval against the preceding peak systolic arterial pressure, or by relating the percentage changes in muscle sympathetic nerve activity to the mean changes in systolic arterial pressure produced by intravenous phenylephrine. The baroreflex slopes for the heart interval were significantly smaller in borderline hypertensive offspring (14 +/- 2 ms/mmHg) than in control normotensives (23 +/- 2 ms/mmHg) or normotensive offspring (19 +/- 3 ms/mmHg), whereas those for muscle sympathetic nerve activity were significantly smaller both in normotensive offspring (-8.3 +/- 1.0%/mmHg) and borderline hypertensive offspring (-7.9 +/- 0.5%/mmHg) than in control normotensives (-16.3 +/- 1.4%/mmHg). Baseline muscle sympathetic nerve activity was higher in borderline hypertensive offspring (20.1 +/- 3.0 bursts/min) than in control normotensives (10.1 +/- 1.2 bursts/min) or normotensive offspring (12.8 +/- 1.4 bursts/min), and also the depressor responses to trimethaphan were significantly enhanced in borderline hypertensive offspring [-19.2 +/- 2 versus 14 +/- 1 (normotensive offspring) or 12 +/- 2 (control normotensives)]. These results indicate that baroreflex inhibition of muscle sympathetic nerve activity was reduced in adolescents with a family history of hypertension even when they were normotensive. This reduced reflex sympatho-inhibition could lead to the development of hypertension by increasing sympathetic vasomotor tone.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006973 Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. Blood Pressure, High,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,High Blood Pressures
D008297 Male Males
D009132 Muscles Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals. Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D011311 Pressoreceptors Receptors in the vascular system, particularly the aorta and carotid sinus, which are sensitive to stretch of the vessel walls. Baroreceptors,Receptors, Stretch, Arterial,Receptors, Stretch, Vascular,Stretch Receptors, Arterial,Stretch Receptors, Vascular,Arterial Stretch Receptor,Arterial Stretch Receptors,Baroreceptor,Pressoreceptor,Receptor, Arterial Stretch,Receptor, Vascular Stretch,Receptors, Arterial Stretch,Receptors, Vascular Stretch,Stretch Receptor, Arterial,Stretch Receptor, Vascular,Vascular Stretch Receptor,Vascular Stretch Receptors
D012018 Reflex An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
D001794 Blood Pressure PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS. Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D006339 Heart Rate The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute. Cardiac Rate,Chronotropism, Cardiac,Heart Rate Control,Heartbeat,Pulse Rate,Cardiac Chronotropy,Cardiac Chronotropism,Cardiac Rates,Chronotropy, Cardiac,Control, Heart Rate,Heart Rates,Heartbeats,Pulse Rates,Rate Control, Heart,Rate, Cardiac,Rate, Heart,Rate, Pulse
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D014666 Vasomotor System The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system. System, Vasomotor,Systems, Vasomotor,Vasomotor Systems

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