Biomaterial Database

Regulation of lipid droplet homeostasis by hypoxia inducible lipid droplet associated HILPDA. 2020

Montserrat A de la Rosa Rodriguez, and Sander Kersten

Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

Nearly all cell types have the ability to store excess energy as triglycerides in specialized organelles called lipid droplets. The formation and degradation of lipid droplets is governed by a diverse set of enzymes and lipid droplet-associated proteins. One of the lipid droplet-associated proteins is Hypoxia Inducible Lipid Droplet Associated (HILPDA). HILPDA was originally discovered in a screen to identify novel hypoxia-inducible proteins. Apart from hypoxia, levels of HILPDA are induced by fatty acids and adrenergic agonists. HILPDA is a small protein of 63 amino acids in humans and 64 amino acids in mice. Inside cells, HILPDA is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and around lipid droplets. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments have demonstrated that HILPDA promotes lipid storage in hepatocytes, macrophages and cancer cells. HILPDA increases lipid droplet accumulation at least partly by inhibiting triglyceride hydrolysis via ATGL and stimulating triglyceride synthesis via DGAT1. Overall, HILPDA is a novel regulatory signal that adjusts triglyceride storage and the intracellular availability of fatty acids to the external fatty acid supply and the capacity for oxidation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008049	Lipase	An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.	Triacylglycerol Lipase,Tributyrinase,Triglyceride Lipase,Acid Lipase,Acid Lipase A,Acid Lipase B,Acid Lipase I,Acid Lipase II,Exolipase,Monoester Lipase,Triacylglycerol Hydrolase,Triglyceridase,Triolean Hydrolase,Hydrolase, Triacylglycerol,Hydrolase, Triolean,Lipase A, Acid,Lipase B, Acid,Lipase I, Acid,Lipase II, Acid,Lipase, Acid,Lipase, Monoester,Lipase, Triglyceride
D009363	Neoplasm Proteins	Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.	Proteins, Neoplasm
D006706	Homeostasis	The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.	Autoregulation
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000860	Hypoxia	Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	Anoxia,Oxygen Deficiency,Anoxemia,Deficiency, Oxygen,Hypoxemia,Deficiencies, Oxygen,Oxygen Deficiencies
D050356	Lipid Metabolism	Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.	Metabolism, Lipid
D018797	Cell Cycle Proteins	Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.	Cell Division Cycle Proteins,Cell-Cycle Regulatory Proteins,cdc Proteins,Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins
D066292	Lipid Droplets	Dynamic cytoplasmic organelles found in almost all cells. They consist of a central core of LIPIDS surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer studded with surface proteins, and are involved in LIPID METABOLISM and storage.	Adiposomes,Lipid Bodies,Lipid Storage Bodies,Oil Bodies,Oleosomes,Spherosomes,Adiposome,Droplet, Lipid,Droplets, Lipid,Lipid Body,Lipid Droplet,Lipid Storage Body,Oil Body,Oleosome,Spherosome,Storage Bodies, Lipid,Storage Body, Lipid