A Comparison of Behavior of Transitional-State Foods Under Varying Oral Conditions. 2021

Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
Fusion Dental Specialists, Happy Valley, OR, 97086, USA. barewalr@gmail.com.

Transitional foods are under-utilized in the adult population as they may provide an opportunity to optimize eating pleasure and nutrition for individuals on a modified texture diet. Yet, little is known about the behavioral properties of transitional foods and no research to date has explored the dissolution of known transitional foods in adults. This study aimed to understand the extent of dissolution of five transitional snacks items in relationship to time, tongue pressure, and amount of saliva. Thirty individuals ages 50 to 88 participated in this study (10 with diagnosed xerostomia). The foods tested included shrimp chips, Baby Mum Mums, the EAT bar, and the Savorease cracker with and without dip. Each test food was placed in the mouth for 5 s or 12 s with or without tongue pressure and then expectorated. Benchtop preparation via the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) protocol was also completed. An IDDSI fork pressure test was then performed on all samples. Significant differences between snacks were found in degree of dissolution, with Savorease crackers dissolving more consistently than all others and Baby Mum Mums dissolving least frequently than all others. Tongue pressure positively influenced the dissolution of some foods, particularly those with decreased rates of dissolution. Differences also existed between testing conditions. Overall, there was a wide variability in degree and speed of dissolution across different transitional foods and testing methods. These findings support the need for individual testing to explore post-oral processing consistency when determining the clinical utility of transitional foods.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D011312 Pressure A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Pressures
D003680 Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS. Dysphagia,Swallowing Disorders,Esophageal Dysphagia,Oropharyngeal Dysphagia,Deglutition Disorder,Disorders, Deglutition,Dysphagia, Esophageal,Dysphagia, Oropharyngeal,Swallowing Disorder
D005502 Food Substances taken in by the body to provide nourishment. Foods
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly
D000369 Aged, 80 and over Persons 80 years of age and older. Oldest Old
D014059 Tongue A muscular organ in the mouth that is covered with pink tissue called mucosa, tiny bumps called papillae, and thousands of taste buds. The tongue is anchored to the mouth and is vital for chewing, swallowing, and for speech. Tongues
D014783 Viscosity The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Viscosities

Related Publications

Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
September 2022, The Science of the total environment,
Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
September 1985, Deutsche zahnarztliche Zeitschrift,
Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
August 2025, Materials (Basel, Switzerland),
Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
January 2011, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior,
Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
April 2010, Bioinformatics (Oxford, England),
Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
March 2005, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists),
Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
June 1986, Artificial organs,
Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
January 1991, Applied and environmental microbiology,
Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
December 2015, Materials (Basel, Switzerland),
Reva Barewal, and Samantha Shune, and Jason Ball, and Derek Kosty
March 2014, IEEE transactions on nanobioscience,
Copied contents to your clipboard!