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Hippocampal and cortical mechanisms at retrieval explain variability in episodic remembering in older adults. 2020
Alexandra N Trelle, and
Valerie A Carr, and
Scott A Guerin, and
Monica K Thieu, and
Manasi Jayakumar, and
Wanjia Guo, and
Ayesha Nadiadwala, and
Nicole K Corso, and
Madison P Hunt, and
Celia P Litovsky, and
Natalie J Tanner, and
Gayle K Deutsch, and
Jeffrey D Bernstein, and
Marc B Harrison, and
Anna M Khazenzon, and
Jiefeng Jiang, and
Sharon J Sha, and
Carolyn A Fredericks, and
Brian K Rutt, and
Elizabeth C Mormino, and
Geoffrey A Kerchner, and
Anthony D Wagner
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
Age-related episodic memory decline is characterized by striking heterogeneity across individuals. Hippocampal pattern completion is a fundamental process supporting episodic memory. Yet, the degree to which this mechanism is impaired with age, and contributes to variability in episodic memory, remains unclear. We combine univariate and multivariate analyses of fMRI data from a large cohort of cognitively normal older adults (N=100) to measure hippocampal activity and cortical reinstatement during retrieval of trial-unique associations. Trial-wise analyses revealed that (a) hippocampal activity scaled with reinstatement strength, (b) cortical reinstatement partially mediated the relationship between hippocampal activity and associative retrieval, (c) older age weakened cortical reinstatement and its relationship to memory behaviour. Moreover, individual differences in the strength of hippocampal activity and cortical reinstatement explained unique variance in performance across multiple assays of episodic memory. These results indicate that fMRI indices of hippocampal pattern completion explain within- and across-individual memory variability in older adults.
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