Biomaterial Database

Bisphosphonate-Based Molecules as Potential New Antiparasitic Drugs. 2020

Joice Castelo Branco Santos, and Jonathas Alves de Melo, and Sweta Maheshwari, and Wendy Marina Toscano Queiroz de Medeiros, and Johny Wysllas de Freitas Oliveira, and Cláudia Jassica Moreno, and L Mario Amzel, and Sandra B Gabelli, and Marcelo Sousa Silva

Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil.

Neglected tropical diseases such as Chagas disease and leishmaniasis affect millions of people around the world. Both diseases affect various parts of the globe and drugs traditionally used in therapy against these diseases have limitations, especially with regard to low efficacy and high toxicity. In this context, the class of bisphosphonate-based compounds has made significant advances regarding the chemical synthesis process as well as the pharmacological properties attributed to these compounds. Among this spectrum of pharmacological activity, bisphosphonate compounds with antiparasitic activity stand out, especially in the treatment of Chagas disease and leishmaniasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp., respectively. Some bisphosphonate compounds can inhibit the mevalonate pathway, an essential metabolic pathway, by interfering with the synthesis of ergosterol, a sterol responsible for the growth and viability of these parasites. Therefore, this review aims to present the information about the importance of these compounds as antiparasitic agents and as potential new drugs to treat Chagas disease and leishmaniasis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007896	Leishmaniasis	A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	Leishmania Infection,Infection, Leishmania,Infections, Leishmania,Leishmania Infections,Leishmaniases
D004164	Diphosphonates	Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents.	Bisphosphonate,Bisphosphonates
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000977	Antiparasitic Agents	Drugs used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.	Antiparasitic,Antiparasitic Agent,Antiparasitic Drug,Parasiticide,Parasiticides,Antiparasitic Drugs,Antiparasitics,Agent, Antiparasitic,Agents, Antiparasitic,Drug, Antiparasitic,Drugs, Antiparasitic
D014349	Trypanosoma cruzi	The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors.	Trypanosoma cruzus,cruzi, Trypanosoma
D014355	Chagas Disease	Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	Trypanosomiasis, South American,American Trypanosomiasis,Chagas' Disease,Trypanosoma cruzi Infection,Infection, Trypanosoma cruzi,Infections, Trypanosoma cruzi,South American Trypanosomiasis,Trypanosoma cruzi Infections,Trypanosomiasis, American
D018314	Leishmania infantum	A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). Human infections are confined almost entirely to children. This parasite is commonly seen in dogs, other Canidae, and porcupines with humans considered only an accidental host. Transmission is by Phlebotomus sandflies.	Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum,Leishmania donovani chagasi,Leishmania donovani infantum,Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi,Leishmania chagasi,Leishmania chagasi chagasi,Leishmania chagasi subsp. Chagasi,Leishmania infantum chagasi,Leishmania leishmania infantum,chagasi chagasi, Leishmania,chagasi, Leishmania,chagasi, Leishmania chagasi,chagasi, Leishmania infantum,donovani chagasi, Leishmania,donovani infantum, Leishmania,infantum chagasi, Leishmania,infantum, Leishmania donovani,infantum, Leishmania leishmania,leishmania infantum, Leishmania