Despite a hostile environment unsuited to parasite transmission, Turkana district in northwestern Kenya has the highest incidence of hydatid disease in the world. The prevalence of the disease varies ten-fold, being higher in the north than the south of the district. This study examined whether differences in man:dog contact and specific activities of dogs enhanced the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus eggs to man. A total of 24,541 observation-minutes were completed, studying 31 dogs from 20 manyattas in six locations throughout Turkana district, and in one location in neighbouring Pokot. Correlations were found between the time a dog spent in a manyatta and whether dogs were allowed to clean children, scavenge from cooking utensils and defecate within the home area. The amount of time a dog spent in a manyatta depended upon the availability of water, food and shade. The study also revealed that it is difficult to change the Turkana's behaviour and attitudes towards their dogs, despite continuous education. Therefore, in an area where home slaughter is practised, dosing of dogs with a suitable taeniacide will for many years to come remain an important component in the hydatid control programme being carried out in Turkana.