The efficacy of five ovulation-synchronization protocols with FTAI in treatment of cows diagnosed with follicular cysts was investigated in a nonrandomized study in a single herd. Cows identified with follicular structures >25 mm on two subsequent ultrasonographic (USG) examinations 7-10 days apart (n = 552) were assigned to one of the five treatment regimens on the day of the second USG examination. Treatment regimens were Ovsynch (GnRH-7d-PGF2α-56 h-GnRH-16 h-FTAI), New-CIDR (as Ovsynch with a new CIDR insert being fitted between days 0 and 7), Reused-CIDR (as New-CIDR but the CIDR insert was previously used for 7 days in another cow), G-New CIDR (Pre-GnRH on day 0 with the New-CIDR regimen being initiated 7 days later), and RG-Ovsynch (Pre-GnRH on day 0 and then every 7 days until detection of a luteal structure upon USG examination; at that point the Ovsynch was initiated). A subset of cows was subjected to ovarian USG examination at the time of PGF2α administration, at insemination, and 8-10 days post-insemination. Progesterone-releasing ability of new and reused CIDR inserts were evaluated in cows diagnosed with severe ovarian inactivity (n = 16). The data were analyzed using logistic regression with pregnancy per AI on days 30 (P/Al 30) and 70 (P/AI 70) post-insemination were included as outcome measures. Compared with Ovsynch, RG-Ovsynch improved the P/AI 30 (OR = 2.6, P = 0.03) and the P/AI 70 (OR = 2.5, P = 0.05). New-CIDR and G-New CIDR were associated with non-significant increase in P/AI 30 (OR = 2.1, P = 0.09 and OR = 2.3, P = 0.07, respectively) and P/AI 70 (OR = 2.01, P = 0.09 and OR = 2.2, P = 0.09, respectively). Reused-CIDR was not associated with improvement in P/AI (P = 0.93 and 0.79 for P/AI 30 and P/AI 70, respectively). RG-Ovsynch had a longer diagnosis-to-FTAI interval (median 24, IQR 17,31). The dominant ovarian structures and the presence of a cyst or a luteal structure at PGF2α administration or at insemination were not associated with P/AI. The new and re-used CIDR inserts produced comparable concentrations of serum progesterone 3 h, 3 days and 7 days post CIDR insertion. In conclusion, the RG-Ovsynch improved the P/AI whereas the New-CIDR and the G-New CIDR regimens tended to increase the P/AI compared with Ovsynch. Marginal differences in P/AI between RG-Ovsynch, New-CIDR, and G-New-CIDR together with prolonged diagnosis-to-FTAI in RG-Ovsynch should be considered if to evaluate the economic value of these regimens.