Biomaterial Database

Oral atropine premedication in infants attenuates cardiovascular depression during halothane anesthesia. 1988

B R Miller, and R H Friesen

Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, Denver, Colorado.

The efficacy of oral atropine premedication in attenuation of the cardiovascular depression associated with halothane anesthesia has not been previously evaluated. A solution containing either oral atropine 0.04 mg/kg (HI), 0.02 mg/kg (LO), or a placebo (NO) was randomly administered to 36 infants 1-6 months old and 36 infants 7-15 months old 30-90 minutes before induction of anesthesia. The onset of action of atropine was approximately 25 minutes after administration as determined by a 15% increase in heart rate (HR) above baseline levels. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were then measured at 1-minute intervals starting just before induction of anesthesia and continuing until onset of surgical stimulation during anesthesia with halothane (up to 3%), nitrous oxide (60%), and oxygen (40%). In infants 1-6 months old, either dosage of oral atropine preserved HR and SBP as compared with placebo. In infants 7-15 months old, either dosage preserved HR but not SBP. The severity of hypotension was greatest in infants 1-6 months of age given placebos. No significant differences existed between oral atropine 0.04 mg/kg or 0.02 mg/kg in either age range. It is concluded that premedication with oral atropine 0.02 mg/kg is effective in attenuating the cardiovascular depression associated with halothane anesthesia in infants.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D011292	Premedication	Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.	Premedications
D011446	Prospective Studies	Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.	Prospective Study,Studies, Prospective,Study, Prospective
D011897	Random Allocation	A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.	Randomization,Allocation, Random
D001794	Blood Pressure	PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.	Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D002986	Clinical Trials as Topic	Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.	Clinical Trial as Topic
D004311	Double-Blind Method	A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.	Double-Masked Study,Double-Blind Study,Double-Masked Method,Double Blind Method,Double Blind Study,Double Masked Method,Double Masked Study,Double-Blind Methods,Double-Blind Studies,Double-Masked Methods,Double-Masked Studies,Method, Double-Blind,Method, Double-Masked,Methods, Double-Blind,Methods, Double-Masked,Studies, Double-Blind,Studies, Double-Masked,Study, Double-Blind,Study, Double-Masked
D006221	Halothane	A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)	1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromoethane,Fluothane,Ftorotan,Narcotan
D006339	Heart Rate	The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.	Cardiac Rate,Chronotropism, Cardiac,Heart Rate Control,Heartbeat,Pulse Rate,Cardiac Chronotropy,Cardiac Chronotropism,Cardiac Rates,Chronotropy, Cardiac,Control, Heart Rate,Heart Rates,Heartbeats,Pulse Rates,Rate Control, Heart,Rate, Cardiac,Rate, Heart,Rate, Pulse
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man