Standardization of plasminogen assays. 1988

P J Gaffney
National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Herts. U.K.

Like a number of the components of the fibrinolytic and coagulation systems, plasminogen (plgn) is a multifunctional molecule. As a proenzyme, a number of its activities such as its binding to fibrin, histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) and alpha 2-antiplasmin (AP) are expressed while its major enzymatic activity remains unexpressed. This latter activity has been used as a yardstick of plasminogen potency, despite the fact that no such activity resides in the native plasminogen molecule. Assay procedures usually involve the activation of the plasminogen to plasmin using an activator such as streptokinase (SK) or urokinase (UK) and a major problem involves the establishment of a properly-timed plasminogen-activator ratio to fully express the plasminogen as the active enzyme plasmin (Gaffney, P.J. et al. Activation of plasminogen as a feature of its assay. Haemostasis 1977, 6, 72-78). Substrates such as casein, fibrinogen and fibrin have been used to assess the plasmin activity developed while more recently the tripeptide chromogenic substrate S-2251 has been successfully used. These assays have been standardised using a reference preparation of the active enzyme, plasmin, and both a 1st and 2nd International Reference Preparation (IRP) have been established. These IRP's differed in that the fibrin binding kringle-structures were missing in the 1st IRP yielding differing fibrinolytic and chromogenic activities (Philo, R.D. and Gaffney, P.J. Plasmin potency estimates. Influence of substrate used in assay. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1981, 45, 107-109). Activation procedures of plasminogen and subsequent assays of plasmin using a variety of substrates have been recently superseded by an assay which involves the formation of a plgn-SK complex which complex has an active site which hydrolyses the chromogenic substrate S-2251. This avoids the problems highlighted above involved in measuring plasminogen activity at the optimum stage during activation. While plasmin standards have been suitable for the standardisation of plasminogen when it is measured by activation-based procedures, a British Standard for glutamic acid-plasminogen has now been established in order to standardise the plgn-SK assay (Gaffney, P.J. and Curtis, A.D. The establishment of a standard for plasminogen (glu-type). Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1984, 51, 376-378). The calibration of this standard using the 2nd IRP for plasmin and the value of this standard in the measurement of plasminogen in plasma is discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010958 Plasminogen Precursor of plasmin (FIBRINOLYSIN). It is a single-chain beta-globulin of molecular weight 80-90,000 found mostly in association with fibrinogen in plasma; plasminogen activators change it to fibrinolysin. It is used in wound debriding and has been investigated as a thrombolytic agent. Profibrinolysin,Glu-Plasminogen,Glutamic Acid 1-Plasminogen,Glutamyl Plasminogen,1-Plasminogen, Glutamic Acid,Glu Plasminogen,Glutamic Acid 1 Plasminogen,Plasminogen, Glutamyl
D012015 Reference Standards A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy. Standard Preparations,Standards, Reference,Preparations, Standard,Standardization,Standards,Preparation, Standard,Reference Standard,Standard Preparation,Standard, Reference
D001780 Blood Coagulation Tests Laboratory tests for evaluating the individual's clotting mechanism. Coagulation Tests, Blood,Tests, Blood Coagulation,Blood Coagulation Test,Coagulation Test, Blood,Test, Blood Coagulation
D006113 United Kingdom Country in northwestern Europe including Great Britain and the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland, located between the North Sea and north Atlantic Ocean. The capital is London. Great Britain,Isle of Man
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

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