Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity on Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine-Induced Cross-Protective Immunity. 2020

Sreeja Roy, and Clare M Williams, and Julian Pardo, and Danushka K Wijesundara, and Yoichi Furuya
Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208-3479, USA.

The efficacy of the intranasally (i.n.) delivered live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is variable and, in some seasons, suboptimal. In this study, we report that LAIV exhibits cross-protective efficacy in mice, potentially associated with cellular immunity as opposed to antigen-specific antibody responses. However, pre-exposure to the intramuscularly (i.m.) delivered inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) severely impaired LAIV-induced cross-protection against heterologous challenge, potentially by inhibiting replication of LAIV. Our findings suggest that pre-existing immunity afforded by IIV suppresses cross-protective T cell immunogenicity of LAIV.

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