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Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) against multiresistant pathogens. 2021

K B Silva, and C T S Pinheiro, and C R M Soares, and M A Souza, and T J Matos-Rocha, and S A Fonseca, and J M S J Pavão, and J G Costa, and L L S Pires, and A F Santos
Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas - UFAL, Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brasil.

The objective of this work was to perform the phytochemical characterization, to determine total phenols, antioxidant (AAO%) and antimicrobial potential of the ethanolic extracts of carambola. The phytochemical study was carried out through a qualitative analysis of the chemical constituents and quantitative determination of the phenol content By the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Qualitative and quantitative antioxidant tests were performed using the DPPH method (2,2 diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazila) and iron reduction (FRAP). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution in 96-well plates. The presence of pyrogallic tannins, steroids and saponins has been identified. The highest total phenol content, quantified in the samples, was found in the stem bark (0.0866 mgEAG/g) and in the fruit (0.0734 mgEAG/g). In the antioxidant evaluation, the extracts of the green fruit bagasse (AAO% 71.9%,) and stem bark at 50 μg/mL (AAO% 94%) with CE50 23.7 μg/mL. Leaf extracts, stem bark, ripe fruit bagasse and green fruit bagasse presented MICs of 100 μg/mL against multiresistant pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008826 Microbial Sensitivity Tests Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). Bacterial Sensitivity Tests,Drug Sensitivity Assay, Microbial,Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,Antibacterial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Antibiogram,Antimicrobial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Bacterial Sensitivity Test,Breakpoint Determination, Antibacterial Susceptibility,Breakpoint Determination, Antimicrobial Susceptibility,Fungal Drug Sensitivity Tests,Fungus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Sensitivity Test, Bacterial,Sensitivity Tests, Bacterial,Test, Bacterial Sensitivity,Tests, Bacterial Sensitivity,Viral Drug Sensitivity Tests,Virus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Antibiograms,Concentration, Minimum Inhibitory,Concentrations, Minimum Inhibitory,Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum,Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum,Microbial Sensitivity Test,Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations,Sensitivity Test, Microbial,Sensitivity Tests, Microbial,Test, Microbial Sensitivity,Tests, Microbial Sensitivity
D010936 Plant Extracts Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard. Herbal Medicines,Plant Extract,Extract, Plant,Extracts, Plant,Medicines, Herbal
D000890 Anti-Infective Agents Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection. Anti-Infective Agent,Anti-Microbial Agent,Antimicrobial Agent,Microbicide,Microbicides,Anti-Microbial Agents,Antiinfective Agents,Antimicrobial Agents,Agent, Anti-Infective,Agent, Anti-Microbial,Agent, Antimicrobial,Agents, Anti-Infective,Agents, Anti-Microbial,Agents, Antiinfective,Agents, Antimicrobial,Anti Infective Agent,Anti Infective Agents,Anti Microbial Agent,Anti Microbial Agents
D000975 Antioxidants Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. Anti-Oxidant,Antioxidant,Antioxidant Activity,Endogenous Antioxidant,Endogenous Antioxidants,Anti-Oxidant Effect,Anti-Oxidant Effects,Anti-Oxidants,Antioxidant Effect,Antioxidant Effects,Activity, Antioxidant,Anti Oxidant,Anti Oxidant Effect,Anti Oxidant Effects,Anti Oxidants,Antioxidant, Endogenous,Antioxidants, Endogenous
D064209 Phytochemicals A broad range of biologically active compounds which occur naturally in plants having important medicinal and nutritional properties. Dietary Phytochemical,Plant Bioactive Compound,Plant Biologically Active Compound,Plant-Derived Chemical,Plant-Derived Compound,Bioactive Coumpounds, Plant,Biologically Active Coumpounds, Plant,Dietary Phytochemicals,Phytochemical,Phytonutrient,Phytonutrients,Plant Bioactive Compounds,Plant Biologically Active Compounds,Plant-Derived Chemicals,Plant-Derived Compounds,Bioactive Compound, Plant,Bioactive Compounds, Plant,Chemical, Plant-Derived,Chemicals, Plant-Derived,Compound, Plant Bioactive,Compound, Plant-Derived,Compounds, Plant Bioactive,Compounds, Plant-Derived,Coumpounds, Plant Bioactive,Phytochemical, Dietary,Phytochemicals, Dietary,Plant Bioactive Coumpounds,Plant Derived Chemical,Plant Derived Chemicals,Plant Derived Compound,Plant Derived Compounds
D065825 Oxalidaceae Wood-sorrel family in the order Oxalidales. Some species of RUMEX (of the family POLYGONACEAE) also known by the common name of sorrels. Creeping Wood Sorrel,Oxalis,Oxalis corniculata,Wood Sorrel,Woodsorrel,Creeping Wood Sorrels,Sorrel, Creeping Wood,Sorrel, Wood,Sorrels, Creeping Wood,Sorrels, Wood,Wood Sorrel, Creeping,Wood Sorrels,Wood Sorrels, Creeping,Woodsorrels
D065826 Averrhoa Tropical trees in the family Oxalidaceae Averrhoa bilimbi,Averrhoa carambola,Carambola Tree,Cucumber Tree,Starfruit Tree,Averrhoas,Carambola Trees,Cucumber Trees,Starfruit Trees,Tree, Carambola,Tree, Cucumber,Tree, Starfruit,Trees, Carambola,Trees, Cucumber,Trees, Starfruit

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