Indicator dilution measurements of flow parameters in curved tubes and branching networks. 1977

I C Patel, and J A Sirs

An experimental investigation has been made of the application of the indicator-dilution bolus-injection technique to measure flow rate, mean transit time and vessel volume with steady flow in curved tubes and branching networks. Measurements were made with 131I in 2N KCl and 131I-human serum albumin in isotonic saline, plasma and whole blood under laminar flow conditions up to a Reynolds' number of 460. The flow rate estimations are more reliable than those obtained for flow through straight tubes, due to secondary flows tending to disperse the indicator uniformly over the vessel cross-section. Even so, estimations of mean transit time and vessel volumes, using accepted theoretical formulae, may be as much as 200% in error. Similar measurements have been made of the flow parameters with bifurcations and branching networks. The indicator is not partitioned between the branches in proportion to the flow rate, as is assumed in the original indicator dilution theory, except when there is complete symmetry of the flow. An alternative method of estimating the vessel volume was used and shown to give an accurate estimate of the true volume in these circumstances.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007457 Iodine Radioisotopes Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes. Radioisotopes, Iodine
D007552 Isotonic Solutions Solutions having the same osmotic pressure as blood serum, or another solution with which they are compared. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed) Solutions, Isotonic
D010949 Plasma The residual portion of BLOOD that is left after removal of BLOOD CELLS by CENTRIFUGATION without prior BLOOD COAGULATION. Blood Plasma,Fresh Frozen Plasma,Blood Plasmas,Fresh Frozen Plasmas,Frozen Plasma, Fresh,Frozen Plasmas, Fresh,Plasma, Blood,Plasma, Fresh Frozen,Plasmas,Plasmas, Blood,Plasmas, Fresh Frozen
D011189 Potassium Chloride A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA. Slow-K,Chloride, Potassium
D011865 Radioisotope Dilution Technique Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed) Radioisotope Dilution Technic,Dilution Technic, Radioisotope,Dilution Technics, Radioisotope,Dilution Technique, Radioisotope,Dilution Techniques, Radioisotope,Radioisotope Dilution Technics,Radioisotope Dilution Techniques,Technic, Radioisotope Dilution,Technics, Radioisotope Dilution,Technique, Radioisotope Dilution,Techniques, Radioisotope Dilution
D001769 Blood The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.
D012711 Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated Normal human serum albumin mildly iodinated with radioactive iodine (131-I) which has a half-life of 8 days, and emits beta and gamma rays. It is used as a diagnostic aid in blood volume determination. (from Merck Index, 11th ed) (131)I-MAA,(131)I-Macroaggregated Albumin,Serum Albumin, Radioiodinated,Albumin, Radio-Iodinated Serum,Albumin, Radioiodinated Serum,Radio-Iodinated Serum Albumin,Radioiodinated Serum Albumin,Serum Albumin, Radio Iodinated
D012965 Sodium Chloride A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food. Sodium Chloride, (22)Na,Sodium Chloride, (24)NaCl

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