Biomaterial Database

Energy balance in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice: effects of dietary starch and glucose. 1988

B P Warwick, and D R Romsos

Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1224.

Effects of different carbohydrate types on energy balance, fatty acid synthesis, and plasma insulin concentrations in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice were investigated. Obese (ob/ob) and lean mice adrenalectomized at 4 wk of age received one of four high-carbohydrate powdered diets for 3 wk: stock, glucose, starch, or starch plus wheat bran. Adrenalectomy reduced energy intake of ob/ob mice equally independent of diet type, whereas energetic efficiency, in vivo rates of fatty acid synthesis in liver and white adipose tissue, and plasma insulin concentrations were substantially reduced to approach values in lean mice in all adrenalectomized ob/ob mice except those fed glucose. The ability of adrenalectomy to normalize energy balance in ob/ob mice depends on factors other than the reduced circulating concentration of glucocorticoids alone. Diet composition is a crucial factor, and striking differences exist between semipurified diets containing a simple sugar (glucose) and those containing a complex carbohydrate (starch), with no additional effect of dietary fiber (wheat bran).

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D008297	Male		Males
D008820	Mice, Obese	Mutant mice exhibiting a marked obesity coupled with overeating, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, marked insulin resistance, and infertility when in a homozygous state. They may be inbred or hybrid.	Hyperglycemic Mice,Obese Mice,Mouse, Hyperglycemic,Mouse, Obese,Hyperglycemic Mouse,Mice, Hyperglycemic,Obese Mouse
D001835	Body Weight	The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D004040	Dietary Carbohydrates	Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277)	Carbohydrates, Dietary,Carbohydrate, Dietary,Dietary Carbohydrate
D004734	Energy Metabolism	The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.	Bioenergetics,Energy Expenditure,Bioenergetic,Energy Expenditures,Energy Metabolisms,Expenditure, Energy,Expenditures, Energy,Metabolism, Energy,Metabolisms, Energy
D005947	Glucose	A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.	Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D000273	Adipose Tissue	Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.	Fatty Tissue,Body Fat,Fat Pad,Fat Pads,Pad, Fat,Pads, Fat,Tissue, Adipose,Tissue, Fatty
D000315	Adrenalectomy	Excision of one or both adrenal glands. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	Adrenalectomies
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia