OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the long-term outcome of metal- and all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis (RBFDP) up to 17 years, and to evaluate potential factors influencing the risk for complications. METHODS Patients who were treated with RBFDP to replace teeth in the anterior or first premolar region in an university setting were identified from electronic records. Data collection comprised dental and periodontal parameters, periapical radiographs, and assessment of the RBFDP. Patient-reported satisfaction was evaluated on visual analog scales (VAS), and 5-year cumulative survival and success rates were calculated. Cox regression models were used to compare metal- versus all-ceramic RBFDPs. RESULTS Seventy-one patients with RBFDP replacing 65 anterior teeth and 6 premolars were included with a mean observation period of 56.1 (±42.7) months. RBFDP cumulative survival rate was 86.7% and cumulative success rate 71.7% after 5 years, with no significant difference between metal-and all-ceramic RBFDPs. The risk for RBFDP failure was significantly higher with more than one pontic (OR 6.1; p=0.033), or negative pulp vitality testing of abutments (OR 7.3; p=0.042), while complications tended to be increased with two-wings compared to one-wing RBFDP (OR 5.4; p=0.054). CONCLUSIONS Metal- and all-ceramic RBFDPs facilitated good long-term results, particularly with one-wing, one-cantilever, and vital abutment teeth.