Biomaterial Database

[14C]urea and [14C]sucrose as permeability indicators in histamine pulmonary edema. 1977

K L Brigham, and T R Harris, and P J Owen

To see whether, by avoiding red blood cell transport effects, [14C]-sucrose would be a more sensitive lung vascular permeability indicator than [14C]urea, we compared the effects of 4 microgram/kg-min intravenous histamine phosphate infusions on lung vascular permeability-surface area products (PS) for each indicator in the same unanesthetized sheep. Histamine caused hematocrit, PaCO2 and pHa to increase and pulmonary arterial pressure and Pa02 to decrease. [14C]Urea PS (integral extraction calculation) increased from a base line value of 14.7 +/- 1.5 SE ml/s to 17.7 +/- 1.3 (P less than 0.05) with histamine, but [14C]sucrose PS did not change (base line, 6.5 +/- 2.9; histamine, 5.8 +/- 1.2). We conclude that [14C]urea is probably a more useful permeability indicator in the lung circulation than [14C]sucrose, because urea is more sensitive to moderate increases in permeability.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007201	Indicator Dilution Techniques	Methods for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of an indicator, such as a dye, radionuclide, or chilled liquid, into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	Dilution Techniques,Dilution Technics,Indicator Dilution Technics,Dilution Technic,Dilution Technic, Indicator,Dilution Technics, Indicator,Dilution Technique,Dilution Technique, Indicator,Dilution Techniques, Indicator,Indicator Dilution Technic,Indicator Dilution Technique,Technic, Dilution,Technic, Indicator Dilution,Technics, Dilution,Technics, Indicator Dilution,Technique, Dilution,Technique, Indicator Dilution,Techniques, Dilution,Techniques, Indicator Dilution
D008168	Lung	Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.	Lungs
D011654	Pulmonary Edema	Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	Wet Lung,Edema, Pulmonary,Edemas, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Edemas,Lung, Wet,Lungs, Wet,Wet Lungs
D002199	Capillary Permeability	The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.	Microvascular Permeability,Permeability, Capillary,Permeability, Microvascular,Vascular Permeability,Capillary Permeabilities,Microvascular Permeabilities,Permeabilities, Capillary,Permeabilities, Microvascular,Permeabilities, Vascular,Permeability, Vascular,Vascular Permeabilities
D006632	Histamine	An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.	Ceplene,Histamine Dihydrochloride,Histamine Hydrochloride,Peremin
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012756	Sheep	Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.	Ovis,Sheep, Dall,Dall Sheep,Ovis dalli
D013395	Sucrose	A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener.	Saccharose
D014508	Urea	A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.	Basodexan,Carbamide,Carmol