Schizotypy, neuroticism, and saccadic eye movements: New data and meta-analysis. 2021

Elizabeth H X Thomas, and Maria Steffens, and Christopher Harms, and Susan L Rossell, and Caroline Gurvich, and Ulrich Ettinger
Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), The Alfred Hospital, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Deficits on saccade tasks, particularly antisaccade performance, have been reliably reported in schizophrenia. However, less evidence is available on saccade performance in relation to schizotypy, a personality constellation harboring risk for schizophrenia. Here, we report a large empirical study of the associations of schizotypy and neuroticism with antisaccade and prosaccade performance (Study I). Additionally, we carried out meta-analyses of the association between schizotypy and antisaccade error rate (Study II). In Study I, N = 526 healthy individuals from the general population aged 18-54 years completed prosaccade and antisaccade tasks as well as the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Schizotypy was significantly associated with increased antisaccade error rate, with the disorganized dimension emerging as strongest predictor (β = .118, p = .007). Neuroticism emerged as a significant predictor for prosaccade gain (β = .103, p = .023) and antisaccade latency (β = .101, p = .025). In Study II, random-effects meta-analyses were performed on the published data and those from Study I. Meta-analyses revealed significant associations (all p ≤ .003) of antisaccade error rate with positive (g = 0.37), negative (g = 0.26), disorganized (g = 0.36) and overall schizotypy (g = 0.37). Overall, the present work replicates the association between antisaccade direction errors and schizotypy. Significant findings from meta-analyses provide further evidence of the antisaccade error rate as a putative schizophrenia spectrum marker.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D011597 Psychomotor Performance The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity. Perceptual Motor Performance,Sensory Motor Performance,Visual Motor Coordination,Coordination, Visual Motor,Coordinations, Visual Motor,Motor Coordination, Visual,Motor Coordinations, Visual,Motor Performance, Perceptual,Motor Performance, Sensory,Motor Performances, Perceptual,Motor Performances, Sensory,Perceptual Motor Performances,Performance, Perceptual Motor,Performance, Psychomotor,Performance, Sensory Motor,Performances, Perceptual Motor,Performances, Psychomotor,Performances, Sensory Motor,Psychomotor Performances,Sensory Motor Performances,Visual Motor Coordinations
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000075384 Neuroticism Personality trait related to tendency to respond to threat, frustration or a loss with negative emotions (e.g., ANGER; ANXIETY; FRUSTRATION; embarrassment and sadness). Neuroticism Traits,Neuroticism Trait
D000084542 Eye-Tracking Technology Techniques used for EYE MOVEMENT MEASUREMENTS, which capture and measure a person’s EYE MOVEMENT and/or EYE GAZE. Eye Movement Data Analysis,Eye-Tracking,Eye-Tracking System,Eyetracking System,Eyetracking Technology,Gaze-Tracking,Gaze-Tracking System,Gaze-Tracking Technology,Gazetracking System,Eye Tracking,Eye Tracking System,Eye Tracking Technology,Eye-Tracking Systems,Eye-Tracking Technologies,Eyetracking Systems,Eyetracking Technologies,Gaze Tracking,Gaze Tracking System,Gaze Tracking Technology,Gaze-Tracking Systems,Gaze-Tracking Technologies,Gazetracking Systems,Technology, Eye-Tracking
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D012438 Saccades An abrupt voluntary shift in ocular fixation from one point to another, as occurs in reading. Pursuit, Saccadic,Saccadic Eye Movements,Eye Movement, Saccadic,Eye Movements, Saccadic,Movement, Saccadic Eye,Movements, Saccadic Eye,Pursuits, Saccadic,Saccade,Saccadic Eye Movement,Saccadic Pursuit,Saccadic Pursuits
D012569 Schizotypal Personality Disorder A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia. Incipient Schizophrenia,Latent Schizophrenia,Personality Disorder, Schizotypal,Pseudoneurotic Schizophrenia,Pseudopsychopathic Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia, Borderline,Schizophrenia, Latent,Schizophrenia, Pseudoneurotic,Borderline Schizophrenia,Borderline Schizophrenias,Disorder, Schizotypal Personality,Disorders, Schizotypal Personality,Incipient Schizophrenias,Latent Schizophrenias,Personality Disorders, Schizotypal,Pseudoneurotic Schizophrenias,Pseudopsychopathic Schizophrenias,Schizophrenia, Incipient,Schizophrenia, Pseudopsychopathic,Schizophrenias, Borderline,Schizophrenias, Incipient,Schizophrenias, Latent,Schizophrenias, Pseudoneurotic,Schizophrenias, Pseudopsychopathic,Schizotypal Personality Disorders
D014796 Visual Perception The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience. Visual Processing,Perception, Visual,Processing, Visual

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