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Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Astrovirus 5 from a Classical Swine Fever Virus-Infected Specimen. 2020

Shijiang Mi, and Shibang Guo, and Chaonan Xing, and Chaoting Xiao, and Biao He, and Bin Wu, and Xianzhu Xia, and Changchun Tu, and Wenjie Gong
Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.

Many new astroviruses have been identified in humans and other animals in recent years, but only a few have been successfully isolated for extensive biological study. Here, we report an unusual isolation of a porcine astrovirus 5 (PAstV5) strain from a clinical classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-infected tissue sample. Incubation of porcine PK-15 cells with an extract of the CSFV-positive tissue resulted in unexpected cytopathic effects (CPEs), and high-throughput viromic sequencing identified PAstV5 and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) as well as CSFV in the culture. After clearance of CSFV and PCV2, a pure PAstV5 strain, named PAstV5-AH29-2014, was obtained. Analysis revealed virus of typical astroviral morphology with a genome of 6,448 nucleotides, sharing 84.3 to 88.9% nucleotide identity with previously published PAstV5 strains. A mechanistic study showed that CSFV coinfection was likely an important factor for successful isolation by significantly enhancing PAstV5 replication in PK-15 cells via suppression of a type I interferon response. Altogether, PAstV5-AH29-2014, as the first isolated PAstV5 strain, will provide critical material for the investigation of the biological and pathogenic properties of this virus as well as for future development of relevant biological and diagnostic reagents.IMPORTANCE Porcine astroviruses are mainly associated with gastroenteritis and neurological diseases in pigs, and five genotypes have been identified (PAstV1-5). However, the clinical manifestations of genotypes other than PAstV1 have not yet been determined because of the failure of in vitro virus isolation. Here, we report a surprising isolation of a PAstV5 strain from a clinical classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-infected tissue sample, which can stably passage in PK-15 cells, and coinfection with CSFV significantly enhanced the replication of PAstV5, possibly through suppression of beta interferon production. Thus, the first isolated PAstV5 strain will be useful for investigating the biological and pathogenic properties of this virus, and the findings obtained in this study provide new insights into defining the interaction mechanism between CSFV and PAstV5.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010802 Phylogeny The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup. Community Phylogenetics,Molecular Phylogenetics,Phylogenetic Analyses,Phylogenetic Analysis,Phylogenetic Clustering,Phylogenetic Comparative Analysis,Phylogenetic Comparative Methods,Phylogenetic Distance,Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares,Phylogenetic Groups,Phylogenetic Incongruence,Phylogenetic Inference,Phylogenetic Networks,Phylogenetic Reconstruction,Phylogenetic Relatedness,Phylogenetic Relationships,Phylogenetic Signal,Phylogenetic Structure,Phylogenetic Tree,Phylogenetic Trees,Phylogenomics,Analyse, Phylogenetic,Analysis, Phylogenetic,Analysis, Phylogenetic Comparative,Clustering, Phylogenetic,Community Phylogenetic,Comparative Analysis, Phylogenetic,Comparative Method, Phylogenetic,Distance, Phylogenetic,Group, Phylogenetic,Incongruence, Phylogenetic,Inference, Phylogenetic,Method, Phylogenetic Comparative,Molecular Phylogenetic,Network, Phylogenetic,Phylogenetic Analyse,Phylogenetic Clusterings,Phylogenetic Comparative Analyses,Phylogenetic Comparative Method,Phylogenetic Distances,Phylogenetic Group,Phylogenetic Incongruences,Phylogenetic Inferences,Phylogenetic Network,Phylogenetic Reconstructions,Phylogenetic Relatednesses,Phylogenetic Relationship,Phylogenetic Signals,Phylogenetic Structures,Phylogenetic, Community,Phylogenetic, Molecular,Phylogenies,Phylogenomic,Reconstruction, Phylogenetic,Relatedness, Phylogenetic,Relationship, Phylogenetic,Signal, Phylogenetic,Structure, Phylogenetic,Tree, Phylogenetic
D002460 Cell Line Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely. Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D003588 Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses. Cytopathic Effect, Viral,Viral Cytopathogenic Effect,Cytopathic Effects, Viral,Cytopathogenic Effects, Viral,Effect, Viral Cytopathic,Effect, Viral Cytopathogenic,Effects, Viral Cytopathic,Effects, Viral Cytopathogenic,Viral Cytopathic Effect,Viral Cytopathic Effects,Viral Cytopathogenic Effects
D006691 Classical Swine Fever An acute, highly contagious disease affecting swine of all ages and caused by the CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS. It has a sudden onset with high morbidity and mortality. Hog Cholera,Swine Fever,Swine Fever, Classical,Cholera, Hog
D006692 Classical Swine Fever Virus A species of the PESTIVIRUS genus causing exceedingly contagious and fatal hemorrhagic disease of swine. Hog Cholera Virus,Swine Fever Virus,Swine Fever Virus, Classical,Cholera Virus, Hog
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012367 RNA, Viral Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. Viral RNA
D013552 Swine Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA). Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog
D014779 Virus Replication The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle. Viral Replication,Replication, Viral,Replication, Virus,Replications, Viral,Replications, Virus,Viral Replications,Virus Replications
D016679 Genome, Viral The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus. Viral Genome,Genomes, Viral,Viral Genomes

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