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The effect of direct cholinergic stimulation and blockade on gallbladder volume, determined by real-time ultrasonography (RUS), was evaluated in twenty normal, fasting subjects. Eleven subjects received atropine sulphate or placebo and 9 subjects a series of 3 injection of prostigmine, bethanechol or placebo, randomly assigned, at intervals of 24 h. RUS was performed under basal conditions after fasting for 12 h and every 5 min after drug injection up to 45 min in the atropine study and up to 60 min after prostigmine and bethanechol. There was no significant variation from fasting gallbladder volume after placebo in either group. After atropine sulphate gallbladder volume at first decreased and then significantly increased. With bethanechol and prostigmine, the volume fell significantly to a trough after 30 to 35 min, and then it returned to the basal value within 60 min. It is suggested that cholinergic mediation is involved in maintaining fasting tone in the gallbladder and that cholinergic stimulation causes contraction of the gallbladder by a direct effect.
L Marzio, and
F Capone, and
M Neri, and
F di Felice, and
V Celiberti, and
A Mezzetti, and
D Giorgi, and
F Cuccurullo
October 1991,
Digestive diseases and sciences,
L Marzio, and
F Capone, and
M Neri, and
F di Felice, and
V Celiberti, and
A Mezzetti, and
D Giorgi, and
F Cuccurullo
January 1983,
Biochemical pharmacology,
L Marzio, and
F Capone, and
M Neri, and
F di Felice, and
V Celiberti, and
A Mezzetti, and
D Giorgi, and
F Cuccurullo
November 1990,
Nuclear medicine communications,
L Marzio, and
F Capone, and
M Neri, and
F di Felice, and
V Celiberti, and
A Mezzetti, and
D Giorgi, and
F Cuccurullo
January 1986,
Neuroscience research. Supplement : the official journal of the Japan Neuroscience Society,
L Marzio, and
F Capone, and
M Neri, and
F di Felice, and
V Celiberti, and
A Mezzetti, and
D Giorgi, and
F Cuccurullo
June 1993,
Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics,
L Marzio, and
F Capone, and
M Neri, and
F di Felice, and
V Celiberti, and
A Mezzetti, and
D Giorgi, and
F Cuccurullo
December 1980,
British journal of clinical pharmacology,
L Marzio, and
F Capone, and
M Neri, and
F di Felice, and
V Celiberti, and
A Mezzetti, and
D Giorgi, and
F Cuccurullo
May 1983,
Acta endocrinologica,
L Marzio, and
F Capone, and
M Neri, and
F di Felice, and
V Celiberti, and
A Mezzetti, and
D Giorgi, and
F Cuccurullo
December 1993,
Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology,
L Marzio, and
F Capone, and
M Neri, and
F di Felice, and
V Celiberti, and
A Mezzetti, and
D Giorgi, and
F Cuccurullo
September 1976,
Psychopharmacology,
L Marzio, and
F Capone, and
M Neri, and
F di Felice, and
V Celiberti, and
A Mezzetti, and
D Giorgi, and
F Cuccurullo
September 1986,
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology,
