Usefulness of screening tests for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children. 2021

Elif Böncüoğlu, and Elif Kıymet, and Şahika Şahinkaya, and Aybüke Akaslan Kara, and İlknur Çağlar, and Kamile Ö Arıkan, and Gamze Gülfidan, and Nuri Bayram, and İlker Devrim
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Behçet Uz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.

The aim of this study is to provide a basis for the development of appropriate screening strategies and evaluate the indications of the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated children. Children who were examined with both IGRA (QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus) and tuberculin skin test (TST) for tuberculosis infection were included in the study. Underlying medical conditions of the patients were recorded. Cohen's κ was run to determine if there was an agreement between TST and IGRA. A total of 220 patients with a mean age of 11.05 ± 4.43 years (2.5-18 years) were analyzed. Ninety-nine patients were immunocompromised and 121 patients were immunocompetent. TSTs and IGRA showed none to the slight agreement in both of the immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. In the immunocompromised group, 43/99 (43.4%) and the immunocompetent group 35/121 (28.9%) of the tests did not show any correlation. In a high-risk setting where the BCG vaccine is mandatory, it may be beneficial to use IGRA primarily in immunocompetent patients. In immunocompromised patients, the use of both the TST and IGRA could increase the efficacy of screening for latent tuberculosis infection.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D001500 BCG Vaccine An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity. Bacillus Calmette Guerin Vaccine,Calmette Guerin Bacillus Vaccine,Calmette's Vaccine,Calmette Vaccine,Calmettes Vaccine,Vaccine, BCG,Vaccine, Calmette's
D014374 Tuberculin Test One of several skin tests to determine past or present tuberculosis infection. A purified protein derivative of the tubercle bacilli, called tuberculin, is introduced into the skin by scratch, puncture, or interdermal injection. Test, Tuberculin,Tests, Tuberculin,Tuberculin Tests
D016867 Immunocompromised Host A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation. Immunosuppressed Host,Immunocompromised Patient,Host, Immunocompromised,Host, Immunosuppressed,Hosts, Immunocompromised,Hosts, Immunosuppressed,Immunocompromised Hosts,Immunocompromised Patients,Immunosuppressed Hosts,Patient, Immunocompromised,Patients, Immunocompromised
D055985 Latent Tuberculosis The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test. Latent Tuberculosis Infection,Infection, Latent Tuberculosis,Infections, Latent Tuberculosis,Latent Tuberculoses,Latent Tuberculosis Infections,Tuberculoses, Latent,Tuberculosis Infection, Latent,Tuberculosis Infections, Latent,Tuberculosis, Latent
D059425 Interferon-gamma Release Tests The assay of INTERFERON-GAMMA released from lymphocytes after their exposure to a specific test antigen, to check for IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY resulting from a previous exposure to the antigen. The amount of interferon-gamma released is usually assayed by an ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. Interferon-gamma Release Assay,Interferon-gamma Release Assays,Assay, Interferon-gamma Release,Assays, Interferon-gamma Release,Interferon gamma Release Assay,Interferon gamma Release Assays,Interferon gamma Release Tests,Interferon-gamma Release Test,Release Assay, Interferon-gamma,Release Assays, Interferon-gamma,Release Test, Interferon-gamma,Release Tests, Interferon-gamma,Test, Interferon-gamma Release,Tests, Interferon-gamma Release

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