Biomaterial Database

[Significance of branched-chain keto acids for protein metabolism]. 1987

P Schauder

Abt. Gastroenterologie und Endokrinologie, Zentrum Innere Medizin, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen.

Branched chain keto acids may offer therapeutic benefits for clinical conditions associated with nitrogen accumulation or increased proteolysis. The effects of keto acids on protein metabolism are complex. Mechanisms such as (1) transamination to the respective amino acids, (2) inhibition of proteolysis, (3) stimulation of insulin secretion, and (4) augmentation in the activity of BCKA-decarboxylase need to be considered. Presently, therapy with branched chain keto acids is still experimental.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D007651	Keto Acids	Carboxylic acids that contain a KETONE group.	Oxo Acids,Oxoacids,Acids, Keto,Acids, Oxo
D007658	Ketone Oxidoreductases	Oxidoreductases that are specific for KETONES.	Oxidoreductases, Ketone
D009097	Multienzyme Complexes	Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.	Complexes, Multienzyme
D011506	Proteins	Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.	Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D004789	Enzyme Activation	Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.	Activation, Enzyme,Activations, Enzyme,Enzyme Activations
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000597	Amino Acids, Branched-Chain	Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain.	Branched-Chain Amino Acid,Amino Acids, Branched Chain,Acid, Branched-Chain Amino,Acids, Branched-Chain Amino,Amino Acid, Branched-Chain,Branched Chain Amino Acid,Branched-Chain Amino Acids
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D042942	3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)	A ketone oxidoreductase that catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to ACYL-CoA and CO2. The enzyme requires THIAMINE DIPHOSPHATE as a cofactor. Defects in genes that code for subunits of the enzyme are a cause of MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE. The enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.2.4.3.	2-Oxoisovalerate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide),2-Oxoisocaproate Dehydrogenase,Alpha-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase,BCKA Decarboxylase,Branched Chain Alpha-Keto Acid Decarboxylase,Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase,Branched-Chain 2-Oxo Acid Dehydrogenase,Branched-Chain Keto Acid Dehydrogenase,Branched-Chain Oxo-Acid Dehydrogenase,2 Oxoisocaproate Dehydrogenase,Acid Dehydrogenase, Alpha-Keto,Alpha Keto Acid Dehydrogenase,Branched Chain 2 Oxo Acid Dehydrogenase,Branched Chain Alpha Keto Acid Decarboxylase,Branched Chain Keto Acid Dehydrogenase,Branched Chain Oxo Acid Dehydrogenase,Decarboxylase, BCKA,Dehydrogenase, 2-Oxoisocaproate,Dehydrogenase, Alpha-Keto Acid,Dehydrogenase, Branched-Chain Oxo-Acid,Oxo-Acid Dehydrogenase, Branched-Chain