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IgA dominates the early neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. 2021
Delphine Sterlin, and
Alexis Mathian, and
Makoto Miyara, and
Audrey Mohr, and
François Anna, and
Laetitia Claër, and
Paul Quentric, and
Jehane Fadlallah, and
Hervé Devilliers, and
Pascale Ghillani, and
Cary Gunn, and
Rick Hockett, and
Sasi Mudumba, and
Amélie Guihot, and
Charles-Edouard Luyt, and
Julien Mayaux, and
Alexandra Beurton, and
Salma Fourati, and
Timothée Bruel, and
Olivier Schwartz, and
Jean-Marc Lacorte, and
Hans Yssel, and
Christophe Parizot, and
Karim Dorgham, and
Pierre Charneau, and
Zahir Amoura, and
Guy Gorochov
Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
Humoral immune responses are typically characterized by primary IgM antibody responses followed by secondary antibody responses associated with immune memory and composed of IgG, IgA, and IgE. Here, we measured acute humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2, including the frequency of antibody-secreting cells and the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in the serum, saliva, and bronchoalveolar fluid of 159 patients with COVID-19. Early SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses were dominated by IgA antibodies. Peripheral expansion of IgA plasmablasts with mucosal homing potential was detected shortly after the onset of symptoms and peaked during the third week of the disease. The virus-specific antibody responses included IgG, IgM, and IgA, but IgA contributed to virus neutralization to a greater extent compared with IgG. Specific IgA serum concentrations decreased notably 1 month after the onset of symptoms, but neutralizing IgA remained detectable in saliva for a longer time (days 49 to 73 post-symptoms). These results represent a critical observation given the emerging information as to the types of antibodies associated with optimal protection against reinfection and whether vaccine regimens should consider targeting a potent but potentially short-lived IgA response.
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