Validity of five formulas in estimating 24-h urinary sodium via spot urine sampling in hypertensive patients living in Northeast China. 2021

Ni Qian, and Yinong Jiang, and Ying Wang, and Peishi Yan, and Fumei Yao, and Min Sun, and Xiaojie Liu, and Ying Zhang, and Yunpeng Cheng, and Yan Lu, and Wei Song
Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning.

The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of five formulas -- the Kawasaki, Tanaka, INTERSALT, Mage, and Uechi methods -- using spot urinary sampling for 24-h urinary sodium (UNa) prediction in hypertensive patients living in northeast China. There were 1154 hypertensive patients enrolled from multiple centers. Five different formulas were used to predict 24-h UNa excretion via spot morning urinary samples. Actual UNa excretion was measured from 24-h urine samples. The estimated value was compared with the actual value by examining biases, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. The average excretion of sodium was 2.97 ± 1.26 g/day. The formula-produced mean biases for actual UNa were 0.31 g/day for INTERSALT, 0.80 g/day for Mage, 0.88 g/day for Tanaka, 1.14 g/day for Uechi, and 1.95 g/day for Kawasaki. The ICC was 0.511 for Kawasaki, 0.499 for INTERSALT, 0.468 for Tanaka, 0.402 for Mage, and 0.378 for Uechi. The least mean bias in the lower and moderate salt intake subgroups was 1.22 and 0.07 g/day, respectively, which was calculated using the Mage and INTERSALT methods. The least mean bias in the higher salt intake subgroup was 0.10 g/day for the Uechi method. The INTERSALT method was more efficiency at the individual level, with 17.4% of participants having relative differences within 10%, and 22.3% participants having absolute differences within 393 mg. The INTERSALT method may exhibit a good performance in estimating 24-h urinary sodium level for the hypertensive population living in northeast China.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006973 Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. Blood Pressure, High,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,High Blood Pressures
D001826 Body Fluids Liquid components of living organisms. Body Fluid,Fluid, Body,Fluids, Body
D002681 China A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean. Inner Mongolia,Manchuria,People's Republic of China,Sinkiang,Mainland China
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012964 Sodium A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. Sodium Ion Level,Sodium-23,Ion Level, Sodium,Level, Sodium Ion,Sodium 23
D012982 Sodium, Dietary Sodium or sodium compounds used in foods or as a food. The most frequently used compounds are sodium chloride or sodium glutamate. Dietary Sodium
D016482 Urinalysis Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. Routine urinalysis usually includes performing chemical screening tests, determining specific gravity, observing any unusual color or odor, screening for bacteriuria, and examining the sediment microscopically. Urinalyses

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