Mechanochemical Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,2,3-Triazole Carbohydrate Derivatives as Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors. 2021

Naoufel Ben Hamadi
Laboratory of Synthesis Heterocyclic and Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, , Boulevard of Environment, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.

We have developed this work to recommend an original route for the preparation of triazole derivatives. Carbohydrates containing 1,2,3-triazole derivatives have various biological activities. Due to their advantageous and biological property, they are eye-catching synthetic targets in the arsenal of organic chemistry. Thus, finding green and efficient methods, as well as using the ball milling procedure for the synthesis of these heterocycles, is of interest to organic chemistry researchers. The objective of this study was to synthesize carbohydrate-derived triazoles under high-speed vibration milling conditions and investigate their properties. A mixture of glycoside azide derivatives (1 mmol) and prop-2-yn-1-ol (1.5 mmol) in the presence of copper (I) was vigorously shaken under vibration milling conditions at 650 rpm with three balls for 15 min. The deprotection of the resulting triazole derivatives was affected by treatment with 4M hydrochloric acid in methanol under reflux. A short and convenient route to synthesize carbohydrate-derived triazoles, based on a ball-mill via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions to prop-2-yn-1-ol, was developed. Cleavage of the isopropylidene protecting group provided water-soluble triazoles, evaluated as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. 1-[6- (4-Hydroxymethyl-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl]-ethane-1,2-diol was the best inhibitor of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (IC50 = 60 μM). In summary, we developed new, short and convenient routes to glucose-derived 1,2,3-triazole based on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions flowed by ball milling. The use of isopropylidene protective groups gave access to the analogous deprotected water-soluble motifs, analogous to known inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011817 Rabbits A burrowing plant-eating mammal with hind limbs that are longer than its fore limbs. It belongs to the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, and in contrast to hares, possesses 22 instead of 24 pairs of chromosomes. Belgian Hare,New Zealand Rabbit,New Zealand Rabbits,New Zealand White Rabbit,Rabbit,Rabbit, Domestic,Chinchilla Rabbits,NZW Rabbits,New Zealand White Rabbits,Oryctolagus cuniculus,Chinchilla Rabbit,Domestic Rabbit,Domestic Rabbits,Hare, Belgian,NZW Rabbit,Rabbit, Chinchilla,Rabbit, NZW,Rabbit, New Zealand,Rabbits, Chinchilla,Rabbits, Domestic,Rabbits, NZW,Rabbits, New Zealand,Zealand Rabbit, New,Zealand Rabbits, New,cuniculus, Oryctolagus
D002241 Carbohydrates A class of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n. The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrate
D004791 Enzyme Inhibitors Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. Enzyme Inhibitor,Inhibitor, Enzyme,Inhibitors, Enzyme
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014230 Triazoles Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3. Triazole
D061565 Cycloaddition Reaction Synthetic organic reactions that use reactions between unsaturated molecules to form cyclical products. Cycloaddition,Cycloaddition Reaction Techniques,Diels-Alder Reaction,Cycloaddition Reaction Technique,Cycloaddition Reactions,Diels Alder Reaction,Reaction Technique, Cycloaddition,Reaction Techniques, Cycloaddition,Reaction, Cycloaddition,Reaction, Diels-Alder,Reactions, Cycloaddition,Technique, Cycloaddition Reaction,Techniques, Cycloaddition Reaction
D024981 Glycogen Phosphorylase An enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of GLYCOGEN in animals by releasing glucose-1-phosphate from the terminal alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond. This enzyme exists in two forms: an active phosphorylated form ( PHOSPHORYLASE A) and an inactive un-phosphorylated form (PHOSPHORYLASE B). Both a and b forms of phosphorylase exist as homodimers. In mammals, the major isozymes of glycogen phosphorylase are found in muscle, liver and brain tissue. Phosphorylase ab,Phosphorylase, Glycogen

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