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A method is described for concentrating mutagens/carcinogens from human urine about 200-fold for subsequent assay in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. The method is also applicable for other aqueous liquids and for other in vitro tests for mutagens/carcinogens. The urine (up to 500 ml) is put through a column with a 1.5-cm3 bed volume of XAD-2 (styrene-divinylbenzene polymer) and the adsorbed material is then eluted with a few milliliters of acetone. The acetone is taken to dryness and the residue is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. This is the urine concentrate that is assayed for mutagenicity. Various mutagens/carcinogens have been added to human urine and the recoveries have been measured after adsorption on XAD-2, XAD-4, and Tenax GC (diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide polymer). We propose that this method be used in monitoring the urine of human populations and of experimental animals in toxicological studies. It is shown with this procedure that cigarette smokers have mutagenic urine while nonsmokers do not.
E Yamasaki, and
B N Ames
May 1985,
Carcinogenesis,
E Yamasaki, and
B N Ames
October 1982,
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT,
E Yamasaki, and
B N Ames
June 1979,
International archives of occupational and environmental health,
E Yamasaki, and
B N Ames
August 1982,
Mutation research,
E Yamasaki, and
B N Ames
January 1989,
Environmental and molecular mutagenesis,
E Yamasaki, and
B N Ames
June 1981,
Mutation research,
E Yamasaki, and
B N Ames
March 1996,
Mutagenesis,
E Yamasaki, and
B N Ames
February 1973,
Biochemical medicine,
E Yamasaki, and
B N Ames
April 1973,
Biochemical medicine,
E Yamasaki, and
B N Ames
October 1975,
Journal of forensic sciences,
