Populus deltoides is a fast-growing, large tree and one of the largest North American hardwood trees. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of P. deltoides is characterized. The whole cp genome was assembled to 156,867 bp, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 85,534 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 16,513 bp and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) region of 27,410 bp. The base content of the P. deltoides cp genome is A (32.0%), T (31.3%), C (18.0%), and G (18.7%), and AT bases occupy a large proportion of the cp genome. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis with 20 cp genomes from the Salicaceae family showed that P. deltoides is sister to Populus davidiana. These will provide for the evolutionary and biological studies in Salicaceae family.