The microheterogeneity of androgen-binding protein (ABP) from rat serum and epididymis was examined by subjecting purified native or deglycosylated preparations to analysis by one- or two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose and immunochemical localization. Analysis of native ABP by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE confirmed earlier observations that it is composed of subunits and that the subunits of serum ABP had higher apparent molecular weights than those of epididymal ABP. Treatment with neuraminidase, N-glycanase, or O-glycanase, alone or in combination, resulted in decreases in the apparent molecular weight of the subunits. These analyses indicated that terminal sialic acid residues and Asn-linked oligosaccharides were present on both subunits of ABP from the two sources. The fact that the greatest reduction in the Mr of the heavy subunit occurred following treatment with all three enzymes provides evidence that O-linked sugars are present on it. While enzyme treatment did not result in the appearance of a single subunit, chemical deglycosylation did (Mr 39,600). The carbohydrate composition of the heavy and light subunits of intact serum and epididymal ABP was 22 and 9% and 19 and 8%, respectively. Analysis by two-dimensional PAGE indicated that both subunits of the ABPs were composed of isoelectric variants. Although ABP from the two sources had several variants in common, differences were also observed. Treatment of the ABPs with the enzymes resulted in a shift of the pI values to a more basic pH range, indicating that carbohydrate removal also removed charged moieties. The most dramatic shift in the pI values of the isoforms occurred when O-glycanase was present in the enzyme mixture, providing further evidence for the presence of O-linked oligosaccharides on ABP. Isoelectric variants were present even after chemical deglycosylation of ABP.