Virtual screening of curcumin and its analogs against the spike surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. 2022

Ashish Patel, and Malathi Rajendran, and Ashish Shah, and Harnisha Patel, and Suresh B Pakala, and Prashanthi Karyala
Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India.

COVID-19, a new pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. The novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 and the 2002 SARS-CoV have 74% identity and use similar mechanisms to gain entry into the cell. Both the viruses enter the host cell by binding of the viral spike glycoprotein to the host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Targeting entry of the virus has a better advantage than inhibiting the later stages of the viral life cycle. The crystal structure of the SARS-CoV (6CRV: full length S protein) and SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins (6M0J: Receptor binding domain, RBD) was used to determine potential small molecule inhibitors. Curcumin, a naturally occurring phytochemical in Curcuma longa, is known to have broad pharmacological properties. In the present study, curcumin and its derivatives were docked, using Autodock 4.2, onto the 6CRV and 6M0J to study their capability to act as inhibitors of the spike protein and thereby, viral entry. The curcumin and its derivatives displayed binding energies, ΔG, ranging from -10.98 to -5.12 kcal/mol (6CRV) and -10.01 to -5.33 kcal/mol (6M0J). The least binding energy was seen in bis-demethoxycurcumin with: ΔG = -10.98 kcal/mol (6CRV) and -10.01 kcal/mol (6M0J). A good binding energy, drug likeness and efficient pharmacokinetic parameters suggest the potential of curcumin and few of its derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibitors. However, further research is necessary to investigate the ability of these compounds as viral entry inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011485 Protein Binding The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments. Plasma Protein Binding Capacity,Binding, Protein
D003474 Curcumin A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes. 1,6-Heptadiene-3,5-dione, 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-, (E,E)-,Curcumin Phytosome,Diferuloylmethane,Mervia,Turmeric Yellow,Phytosome, Curcumin,Yellow, Turmeric
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000086402 SARS-CoV-2 A species of BETACORONAVIRUS causing atypical respiratory disease (COVID-19) in humans. The organism was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. The natural host is the Chinese intermediate horseshoe bat, RHINOLOPHUS affinis. 2019 Novel Coronavirus,COVID-19 Virus,COVID19 Virus,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus,SARS Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2 Virus,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,Wuhan Coronavirus,Wuhan Seafood Market Pneumonia Virus,2019-nCoV,2019 Novel Coronaviruses,COVID 19 Virus,COVID-19 Viruses,COVID19 Viruses,Coronavirus 2, SARS,Coronavirus, 2019 Novel,Coronavirus, Wuhan,Novel Coronavirus, 2019,SARS CoV 2 Virus,SARS-CoV-2 Viruses,Virus, COVID-19,Virus, COVID19,Virus, SARS-CoV-2,Viruses, COVID19
D000093485 COVID-19 Drug Treatment The use of DRUGS to treat COVID19 or its symptoms. COVID-19 Drug Therapy,COVID19 Drug Therapy,COVID19 Drug Treatment,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Drug Treatment,Coronavirus Disease-19 Drug Treatment,COVID 19 Drug Therapy,COVID 19 Drug Treatment,COVID-19 Drug Therapies,COVID19 Drug Therapies,COVID19 Drug Treatments,Coronavirus Disease 19 Drug Treatment,Drug Therapy, COVID-19,Drug Therapy, COVID19,Therapy, COVID-19 Drug,Therapy, COVID19 Drug,Treatment, COVID-19 Drug
D064370 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus A class I viral fusion protein that forms the characteristic spikes, or peplomers, found on the viral surface that mediate virus attachment, fusion, and entry into the host cell. During virus maturation, it is cleaved into two subunits: S1, which binds to receptors in the host cell, and S2, which mediates membrane fusion. Spike Glycoprotein, Bovine Coronavirus,Spike Glycoproteins, Coronavirus,E2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,Glycoprotein S, Coronavirus,Spike Glycoprotein S1, Coronavirus,Spike Protein S2, Coronavirus,Spike Protein, Coronavirus,Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein,Coronavirus Spike Protein

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