BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

Toxicity of inhaled cadmium chloride: early responses of the antioxidant and surfactant systems in rat lungs. 1988

J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.

In order to establish an animal model for assessing early and sensitive biochemical indicators of pulmonary damage, we studied the effects of inhaled CdCl2 (5 mg/m3.h; mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) = 1.4 microns; SDg = 1.8) on the antioxidant defense and pulmonary surfactant systems of rat lungs. Rats were sacrificed 1, 4, 8, and 16 d after inhalation. Pulmonary edema (wet/dry weight) was observed on d 1. The total activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the lung homogenates of the treated animals were significantly throughout the 16-d period. Glutathione reductase (GR) was increased on d 4 and after. The general increases of SOD, GR, and the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase could be attributed to changes in the cellularity of the lung tissue. The significant increase in the specific activity of G6PD on d 4 suggested enzyme stimulation. Concurrently, the response of the surfactant system was measured by assaying the alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and the phospholipid content in the homogenates and in the cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. The AKP activity in the homogenates decreased by 30%, while no activity was detected in the BAL on d 1, suggesting an inhibition of AKP by Cd. The secretion of surfactant seemed altered at this early time: phospholipid in the BAL decreased by 44%, although it increased by 61% in the tissue. The high recovery of phospholipid (312%) in the BAL on d 4 and the important changes in the AKP activity in the BAL from d 4 to 16 may reflect alterations in the processing of the surfactant. The effect of Cd on AKP makes this enzyme a potential marker of the metal redistribution in the pulmonary alveolar region, which could be a useful tool in long-term studies.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008168 Lung Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood. Lungs
D008297 Male Males
D010743 Phospholipids Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system. Phosphatides,Phospholipid
D011506 Proteins Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein. Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D011663 Pulmonary Surfactants Substances and drugs that lower the SURFACE TENSION of the mucoid layer lining the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Surfactants, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Surfactant,Surfactant, Pulmonary
D001992 Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung. Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Lavage Fluid,Lung Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Lavage Fluid, Bronchial,Lavage Fluid, Lung,Pulmonary Lavage Fluid,Alveolar Lavage Fluids,Bronchial Lavage Fluids,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids,Lavage Fluid, Alveolar,Lavage Fluid, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluid, Pulmonary,Lavage Fluids, Alveolar,Lavage Fluids, Bronchial,Lavage Fluids, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluids, Lung,Lavage Fluids, Pulmonary,Lung Lavage Fluids,Pulmonary Lavage Fluids
D002104 Cadmium An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
D005954 Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, Glucose-6-Phosphate,Dehydrogenase, Glucosephosphate,Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase
D000118 Acetylglucosaminidase A beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucose residues in chitobiose and higher analogs as well as in glycoproteins. Has been used widely in structural studies on bacterial cell walls and in the study of diseases such as MUCOLIPIDOSIS and various inflammatory disorders of muscle and connective tissue. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase,Chitobiase,N,N-Diacetylchitobiase,N-Ac-beta-Glucosaminidase,NAGase,beta-D-Acetamido-2-Deoxyglucosidase,beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase,beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase,N Ac beta Glucosaminidase,N Acetyl beta D glucosaminidase,N,N Diacetylchitobiase,beta D Acetamido 2 Deoxyglucosidase,beta D N acetylglucosaminidase,beta N Acetylglucosaminidase
D000135 Acid Phosphatase An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. Acid beta-Glycerophosphatase,Acid beta Glycerophosphatase

Related Publications

J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Target cell toxicity of inhaled spermidine in rat lungs.
October 1990, International journal of experimental pathology,
J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Metallothionein induction and pulmonary responses to inhaled cadmium chloride in rats and mice.
April 1996, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology,
J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Maternal acupuncture effects on surfactant and antioxidant enzymes in preterm rat lungs.
January 2005, Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi,
J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Fetal toxicity of cadmium chloride: the pharmacokinetics in the pregnant Wistar rat.
October 1987, Teratology,
J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Effects of inhaled phosgene on rat lung antioxidant systems.
November 1991, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology,
J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Cadmium-induced enteropathy: comparative toxicity of cadmium chloride and cadmium-thionein.
March 1977, Journal of toxicology and environmental health,
J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Toxicity of minimal amounts of cadmium to the developing rat lung and pulmonary surfactant.
October 1981, Toxicology letters,
J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Inactivation of surfactant in rat lungs.
February 1996, Pediatric research,
J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Studies on the toxicity of inhaled cadmium: the acute toxicity of cadmium oxide by inhalation.
September 1947, The Journal of industrial hygiene and toxicology,
J Boudreau, and R Vincent, and D Nadeau, and B Trottier, and M Fournier, and K Krzystyniak, and G Chevalier
Epidermal growth factor increases antioxidant enzyme and surfactant system development during hyperoxia and protects fetal rat lungs in vitro from hyperoxic toxicity.
November 1993, Pediatric research,
Copied contents to your clipboard!