Oral cadmium chloride intoxication in mice: effects of dose on tissue damage, intestinal absorption and relative organ distribution. 1988

O Andersen, and J B Nielsen, and P Svendsen
Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University, Denmark.

The acute toxicity of soluble cadmium salts has almost exclusively been studied experimentally after parenteral exposures, where acute mortality is caused by hepatic necrosis. This report describes an alternative experimental model using oral exposure. A single oral toxic dose of CdCl2 to mice induced toxic gastroenteritis; subsequent hepatic and renal lesions were also observed. Whole-body gamma-counting after a single oral toxic 109CdCl2 dose to mice showed a dose-dependent delay of the fecal excretion of non-absorbed cadmium. This delay was absent when a low, non-toxic dose was administered. This effect is most likely due to decreased peristalsis and, at higher doses, intestinal atony due to oral cadmium toxicity. After fecal elimination of non-absorbed cadmium, the residual body burden of cadmium expressed as percent of initial dose reflects the fractional intestinal cadmium absorption due to slow reexcretion of absorbed cadmium. The fractional absorption increased with increasing doses of cadmium. The relative cadmium deposition in brain, testes and intestines decreased with increasing dose, whereas the relative liver deposition increased with dose. The delayed fecal elimination and increased fractional absorption of cadmium may significantly contribute to the development of both local and systemic toxicity in oral cadmium intoxication.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007408 Intestinal Absorption Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES. Absorption, Intestinal
D008808 Mice, Inbred CBA An inbred strain of mouse that is widely used in BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH. Mice, CBA,Mouse, CBA,Mouse, Inbred CBA,CBA Mice,CBA Mice, Inbred,CBA Mouse,CBA Mouse, Inbred,Inbred CBA Mice,Inbred CBA Mouse
D002104 Cadmium An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
D002105 Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis. Itai-Itai,Poisoning, Cadmium,Cadmium Poisonings,Itai Itai,Poisonings, Cadmium
D004064 Digestive System A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). Ailmentary System,Alimentary System
D004305 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014018 Tissue Distribution Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios. Distribution, Tissue,Distributions, Tissue,Tissue Distributions
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus

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