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Coal mine effluent-induced metal bioaccumulation, biochemical, oxidative stress, metallothionein, and histopathological alterations in vital tissues of the catfish, Clarias batrachus. 2021

Kalpana Chhaya Lakra, and Tarun Kumar Banerjee, and Bechan Lal
Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 005, India.

In the present study, a multi-biomarker approach was used to assess the toxicity of the coal mine effluent (CME) generated at the Rajrappa coal mine on the catfish Clarias batrachus. A core of biomarkers indicative of nutritional value, oxidative stress, and histopathology was selected to illustrate the toxic effects of CME-containing different heavy metals and other toxicants. The results of metal bioaccumulation in CME-exposed fish tissues revealed the highest metal concentration in liver (1.34-297.68 mg/kg) while lowest in muscles (1.47-23.26 mg/kg) as compared to other tissues and so was the metallothionein level. The high value of bioaccumulation observed in liver, kidney, and gills reflects their affinity for metals. In addition, the values of metal pollution index (MPI) of different fish tissues further affirmed that liver followed by kidney and gills are at greater risk than brain, skin, and muscles. Significant alterations in the activity of certain enzymes (aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase) as well as oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation) were detected in the tissues of CME-exposed fish. The tissue-specific metal accumulation and increased metallothionein levels may be associated with the biochemical and physiological activity of an organ and its constitutive antioxidant defenses. The histopathological changes in the various tissues of the CME-exposed fish justify the high metal accumulation and biochemical alterations. Overall results indicate that the Rajrappa coal mine effluent is very toxic having adverse health impact on the fish and might also affect the human health when consumed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008099 Liver A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances. Livers
D008668 Metallothionein A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals. Isometallothionein,Metallothionein A,Metallothionein B,Metallothionein I,Metallothionein II,Metallothionein IIA
D002397 Catfishes Common name of the order Siluriformes. This order contains many families and over 2,000 species, including venomous species. Heteropneustes and Plotosus genera have dangerous stings and are aggressive. Most species are passive stingers. Eremophilus mutisii,Heteropneustes,Plotosus,Siluriformes,Arius,Catfish,Colombian Catfish,Catfish, Colombian
D003032 Coal Mining The practice of extracting COAL from the earth. Mining, Coal
D005880 Gills Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment. Gill
D000081482 Bioaccumulation An increase in the concentration of an exogenous substance in the tissues of organisms higher than surrounding ENVIRONMENT. Accumulation of such XENOBIOTICS at successively higher levels up the FOOD CHAIN is called biomagnification. Bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals (e.g., Lead and DDT) may result in CHEMICALLY-INDUCED DISORDERS. Bio Accumulation,Bio Amplification,Bio Concentration,Bio Magnification,Bio-accumulation,Bio-amplification,Bio-concentration,Bio-magnification,Bioamplification,Bioconcentration,Biomagnification,Bio Amplifications,Bio-accumulations,Bio-amplifications,Bio-concentrations,Bio-magnifications,Bioamplifications,Bioconcentrations,Biomagnifications
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014874 Water Pollutants, Chemical Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water. Chemical Water Pollutants,Landfill Leachate,Leachate, Landfill,Pollutants, Chemical Water
D015227 Lipid Peroxidation Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor. Lipid Peroxidations,Peroxidation, Lipid,Peroxidations, Lipid
D015415 Biomarkers Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE and its effects, disease diagnosis; METABOLIC PROCESSES; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; PREGNANCY; cell line development; EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; etc. Biochemical Markers,Biological Markers,Biomarker,Clinical Markers,Immunologic Markers,Laboratory Markers,Markers, Biochemical,Markers, Biological,Markers, Clinical,Markers, Immunologic,Markers, Laboratory,Markers, Serum,Markers, Surrogate,Markers, Viral,Serum Markers,Surrogate Markers,Viral Markers,Biochemical Marker,Biologic Marker,Biologic Markers,Clinical Marker,Immune Marker,Immune Markers,Immunologic Marker,Laboratory Marker,Marker, Biochemical,Marker, Biological,Marker, Clinical,Marker, Immunologic,Marker, Laboratory,Marker, Serum,Marker, Surrogate,Serum Marker,Surrogate End Point,Surrogate End Points,Surrogate Endpoint,Surrogate Endpoints,Surrogate Marker,Viral Marker,Biological Marker,End Point, Surrogate,End Points, Surrogate,Endpoint, Surrogate,Endpoints, Surrogate,Marker, Biologic,Marker, Immune,Marker, Viral,Markers, Biologic,Markers, Immune

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