FACTORS AFFECTING TEAR PRODUCTION AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN ANESTHETIZED CHIMPANZEES (PAN TROGLODYTES). 2020

Ellie L Milnes, and Thalita Calvi, and Yedra Feltrer, and Aimee L Drane, and Glyn Howatson, and Rob E Shave, and Bryony A Curry, and Joshua C Tremblay, and David L Williams
Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage, Chingola, Zambia, emilnesdvm@yahoo.co.uk.

Measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production are key components of ophthalmic examination. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were anesthetized using either tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ; 2 mg/kg) combined with medetomidine (TZM; 0.02 mg/kg), or, TZ alone (6mg/kg). Tear production was lower (P = 0.03) with TZM (5.63 ± 6.22 mm/min; n = 16) than with TZ (11.13 ± 4.63 mm/min; n = 8). Mean IOP, measured using rebound tonometry in an upright body position (n = 8) was 18.74 ± 3.01 mm Hg, with no differences between right and left eyes. However, positioning chimpanzees in left lateral recumbency (n = 27) resulted in higher IOP in the dependent (left) eye (24.77 ± 4.49 mm Hg) compared to the nondependent (right) eye (22.27 ± 4.65 mm Hg) of the same animal (P < 0.0001). These data indicate medetomidine anesthesia markedly lowers tear production in chimpanzees, and that body position should be taken into consideration when performing rebound tonometry.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007429 Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. Ocular Tension,Intraocular Pressures,Ocular Tensions,Pressure, Intraocular,Pressures, Intraocular,Tension, Ocular,Tensions, Ocular
D011897 Random Allocation A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects. Randomization,Allocation, Random
D002679 Pan troglodytes The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies. Chimpanzee,Chimpanzee troglodytes,Chimpanzee troglodyte,Chimpanzees,Pan troglodyte,troglodyte, Pan,troglodytes, Chimpanzee
D004338 Drug Combinations Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture. Drug Combination,Combination, Drug,Combinations, Drug
D000758 Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.
D000777 Anesthetics Agents capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. Anesthetic,Anesthetic Agents,Anesthetic Drugs,Anesthetic Effect,Anesthetic Effects,Agents, Anesthetic,Drugs, Anesthetic,Effect, Anesthetic,Effects, Anesthetic
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013666 Tears The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA. Meibomian Lipids,Meibum,Lipid, Meibomian,Meibomian Lipid,Tear
D013992 Tiletamine Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties. 2-(Ethylamino)-2-(2-thienyl)cyclohexanone,CI-634,Tiletamine Hydrochloride,CI 634,CI634,Hydrochloride, Tiletamine
D015041 Zolazepam A pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals. Flupyrazapon,CI-716,Flupyrazopon,Zolasepam,Zolazepam Hydrochloride,CI 716,CI716,Hydrochloride, Zolazepam

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