The effects of fipronil exposure on oxidative stress, non-specific immunity, autophagy, and apoptosis in the common carp. 2021

Jianjun Chen, and Nana Liu, and Baohua Li, and Huajie Zhang, and Yidi Zhao, and Xianglin Cao
College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.

The increase in the area treated with the insecticide fipronil has caused concern for aquatic organisms such as fish. Here, we assessed the effect of fipronil on carp indexes of non-specific immunity, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis following exposure to 0.074 mg/L and 0.185 mg/L of fipronil in the aqueous environment for 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days. It was found that glutathione (GSH), malonaldehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in gills were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The increase in exposure time increases the impact on GSH, SOD, and MDA parameters in the liver and intestine. Liver acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM) activity levels increased significantly in the treatment group on the first day after exposure, except for the 0.074 mg/L group of ACP (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of autophagy-related genes ATG12, ATG5, ATG16L, LC3-II, and BECN1 were generally elevated in the liver and intestine during the initial exposure period (P < 0.05), while mTOR was significantly reduced on the first and third days after treatment (P < 0.05). From the results of Western blotting (WB), we can see that the amount of LC3-II was significantly higher than that of LC3-I at 1, 3, and 5 days of exposure (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the apoptosis-related gene Bcl-2 reached its peak in the liver, intestine, and gill on the first day, and caspase3 was significantly downregulated throughout the exposure period (P < 0.05). The results showed that fipronil was potentially harmful to carp and should be used moderately to reduce the damage to aquatic ecosystems. This study complements the mechanism theory of fipronil on fish toxicology and has a certain value for human health risk assessment.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007113 Immunity, Innate The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS. Immunity, Native,Immunity, Natural,Immunity, Non-Specific,Resistance, Natural,Innate Immune Response,Innate Immunity,Immune Response, Innate,Immune Responses, Innate,Immunity, Non Specific,Innate Immune Responses,Native Immunity,Natural Immunity,Natural Resistance,Non-Specific Immunity
D011720 Pyrazoles Azoles of two nitrogens at the 1,2 positions, next to each other, in contrast with IMIDAZOLES in which they are at the 1,3 positions.
D002347 Carps Common name for a number of different species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. This includes, among others, the common carp, crucian carp, grass carp, and silver carp. Carassius carassius,Crucian Carp,Cyprinus,Grass Carp,Carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Cyprinus carpio,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Koi Carp,Silver Carp,Carp, Crucian,Carp, Grass,Carp, Koi,Carp, Silver,Carps, Crucian,Carps, Grass,Carps, Silver,Crucian Carps,Grass Carps,Silver Carps
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001343 Autophagy The segregation and degradation of various cytoplasmic constituents via engulfment by MULTIVESICULAR BODIES; VACUOLES; or AUTOPHAGOSOMES and their digestion by LYSOSOMES. It plays an important role in BIOLOGICAL METAMORPHOSIS and in the removal of bone by OSTEOCLASTS. Defective autophagy is associated with various diseases, including NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES and cancer. Autophagocytosis,ER-Phagy,Lipophagy,Nucleophagy,Reticulophagy,Ribophagy,Autophagy, Cellular,Cellular Autophagy,ER Phagy
D014874 Water Pollutants, Chemical Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water. Chemical Water Pollutants,Landfill Leachate,Leachate, Landfill,Pollutants, Chemical Water
D017209 Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, i.e., DNA FRAGMENTATION. It is genetically programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Apoptosis, Extrinsic Pathway,Apoptosis, Intrinsic Pathway,Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis,Classic Apoptosis,Classical Apoptosis,Programmed Cell Death,Programmed Cell Death, Type I,Apoptoses, Extrinsic Pathway,Apoptoses, Intrinsic Pathway,Apoptosis, Caspase-Dependent,Apoptosis, Classic,Apoptosis, Classical,Caspase Dependent Apoptosis,Cell Death, Programmed,Classic Apoptoses,Extrinsic Pathway Apoptoses,Extrinsic Pathway Apoptosis,Intrinsic Pathway Apoptoses,Intrinsic Pathway Apoptosis
D017753 Ecosystem A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Ecosystems,Biome,Ecologic System,Ecologic Systems,Ecological System,Habitat,Niche, Ecological,System, Ecological,Systems, Ecological,Biomes,Ecological Niche,Ecological Systems,Habitats,System, Ecologic,Systems, Ecologic
D018384 Oxidative Stress A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi). Anti-oxidative Stress,Antioxidative Stress,DNA Oxidative Damage,Nitro-Oxidative Stress,Oxidative Cleavage,Oxidative DNA Damage,Oxidative Damage,Oxidative Injury,Oxidative Nitrative Stress,Oxidative Stress Injury,Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress,Stress, Oxidative,Anti oxidative Stress,Anti-oxidative Stresses,Antioxidative Stresses,Cleavage, Oxidative,DNA Damage, Oxidative,DNA Oxidative Damages,Damage, DNA Oxidative,Damage, Oxidative,Damage, Oxidative DNA,Injury, Oxidative,Injury, Oxidative Stress,Nitrative Stress, Oxidative,Nitro Oxidative Stress,Nitro-Oxidative Stresses,Oxidative Cleavages,Oxidative DNA Damages,Oxidative Damage, DNA,Oxidative Damages,Oxidative Injuries,Oxidative Nitrative Stresses,Oxidative Stress Injuries,Oxidative Stresses,Stress Injury, Oxidative,Stress, Anti-oxidative,Stress, Antioxidative,Stress, Nitro-Oxidative,Stress, Oxidative Nitrative,Stresses, Nitro-Oxidative

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