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Pulsed lasers and endocorporeal laser lithotripsy. 2021
GRC n(o)20, groupe de recherche clinique sur la lithiase urinaire, hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne université, 75020 Paris, France; Service d'urologie, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne université, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Service d'urologie, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, université de Paris, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address: fredericpanthier@gmail.com.
Endocorporeal laser lithotripsy (ELL) is currently the gold standard for the treatment of renal stones during retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS). The newly-authorised thulium fibre laser (Tm-Fibre) in now evaluated as a holmium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser alternative, which is the most well-known laser source for ELL. This update aimed to present the fundamentals of pulsed lasers for EEL [technology, period, pulse characteristic (rate, duration, energy, shape), peak power, average power], and the available lithotripsy modes for both Tm-Fibre and Ho:YAG lasers.
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