Vocal shadowing in singers and nonsingers. 1988

R J Leonard, and R Ringel, and Y Horii, and R Daniloff
University of California, Davis.

Five nonsingers and five singers vocally matched the pitches of frequency modulated tones. Subject responses to the shadowing task were analyzed in terms of accuracy, and in terms of duration and speed characteristics of pitch changes. In addition, each frequency change was categorized according to hit, overshoot, undershoot, or oscillate patterns. Singers were found to effect pitch changes in significantly less time than the nonsingers. This finding was attributed to more direct patterns (hits) and faster maximum speeds obtained by the singers. Both groups demonstrated a direct relationship between the size of the pitch change and each of the duration and speed parameters examined. Similarly, for both groups, pitch lowering was faster than pitch raising. Faster speeds and more direct paths in effecting pitch changes were viewed as evidence of greater vocal proficiency in singers as compared to nonsingers. Implications of the data for mechanical and physiological aspects of voice frequency control are discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007821 Laryngeal Muscles The striated muscle groups which move the LARYNX as a whole or its parts, such as altering tension of the VOCAL CORDS, or size of the slit (RIMA GLOTTIDIS). Cricothyroid Muscles,Aryepiglottic Muscle,Arytenoid Muscle,Cricoarytenoid Muscles,Thyroarytenoid Muscles,Thyroepiglottic Muscle,Vocal Muscle,Vocalis Muscle,Aryepiglottic Muscles,Arytenoid Muscles,Cricoarytenoid Muscle,Cricothyroid Muscle,Laryngeal Muscle,Muscle, Aryepiglottic,Muscle, Arytenoid,Muscle, Cricoarytenoid,Muscle, Cricothyroid,Muscle, Laryngeal,Muscle, Thyroarytenoid,Muscle, Thyroepiglottic,Muscle, Vocal,Muscle, Vocalis,Muscles, Aryepiglottic,Muscles, Arytenoid,Muscles, Cricoarytenoid,Muscles, Cricothyroid,Muscles, Laryngeal,Muscles, Thyroarytenoid,Muscles, Thyroepiglottic,Muscles, Vocal,Muscles, Vocalis,Thyroarytenoid Muscle,Thyroepiglottic Muscles,Vocal Muscles,Vocalis Muscles
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D009146 Music Sound that expresses emotion through rhythm, melody, and harmony. Classical Music,Hip Hop Music,Jazz Music,Rap Music,Rock and Roll Music,Songs,Vocal Melody,Hop Music, Hip,Melodies, Vocal,Melody, Vocal,Music, Classical,Music, Hip Hop,Music, Jazz,Music, Rap,Song,Vocal Melodies
D010898 Pitch Perception A dimension of auditory sensation varying with cycles per second of the sound stimulus. Perception, Pitch,Perceptions, Pitch,Pitch Perceptions
D011930 Reaction Time The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed. Response Latency,Response Speed,Response Time,Latency, Response,Reaction Times,Response Latencies,Response Times,Speed, Response,Speeds, Response
D005931 Glottis The vocal apparatus of the larynx, situated in the middle section of the larynx. Glottis consists of the VOCAL FOLDS and an opening (rima glottidis) between the folds. Rima Glottidis,Glottidi, Rima,Glottidis, Rima,Rima Glottidi
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D014827 Vocal Cords A pair of cone-shaped elastic mucous membrane projecting from the laryngeal wall and forming a narrow slit between them. Each contains a thickened free edge (vocal ligament) extending from the THYROID CARTILAGE to the ARYTENOID CARTILAGE, and a VOCAL MUSCLE that shortens or relaxes the vocal cord to control sound production. Vocal Fold,Vocal Folds,Vocal Ligament,Cord, Vocal,Cords, Vocal,Fold, Vocal,Folds, Vocal,Ligament, Vocal,Ligaments, Vocal,Vocal Cord,Vocal Ligaments

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