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Development of a coronavirus disease 2019 nonhuman primate model using airborne exposure. 2021
Sara C Johnston, and
Keersten M Ricks, and
Alexandra Jay, and
Jo Lynne Raymond, and
Franco Rossi, and
Xiankun Zeng, and
Jennifer Scruggs, and
David Dyer, and
Ondraya Frick, and
Jeffrey W Koehler, and
Paul A Kuehnert, and
Tamara L Clements, and
Charles J Shoemaker, and
Susan R Coyne, and
Korey L Delp, and
Joshua Moore, and
Kerry Berrier, and
Heather Esham, and
Joshua Shamblin, and
Willie Sifford, and
Jimmy Fiallos, and
Leslie Klosterman, and
Stephen Stevens, and
Lauren White, and
Philip Bowling, and
Terrence Garcia, and
Christopher Jensen, and
Jeanean Ghering, and
David Nyakiti, and
Stephanie Bellanca, and
Brian Kearney, and
Wendy Giles, and
Nazira Alli, and
Fabian Paz, and
Kristen Akers, and
Denise Danner, and
James Barth, and
Joshua A Johnson, and
Matthew Durant, and
Ruth Kim, and
Jay W Hooper, and
Jeffrey M Smith, and
Jeffrey R Kugelman, and
Brett F Beitzel, and
Kathleen M Gibson, and
Margaret L M Pitt, and
Timothy D Minogue, and
Aysegul Nalca
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America.
Airborne transmission is predicted to be a prevalent route of human exposure with SARS-CoV-2. Aside from African green monkeys, nonhuman primate models that replicate airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been investigated. A comparative evaluation of COVID-19 in African green monkeys, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques following airborne exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was performed to determine critical disease parameters associated with disease progression, and establish correlations between primate and human COVID-19. Respiratory abnormalities and viral shedding were noted for all animals, indicating successful infection. Cynomolgus macaques developed fever, and thrombocytopenia was measured for African green monkeys and rhesus macaques. Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and alveolar fibrosis were more frequently observed in lung tissue from cynomolgus macaques and African green monkeys. The data indicate that, in addition to African green monkeys, macaques can be successfully infected by airborne SARS-CoV-2, providing viable macaque natural transmission models for medical countermeasure evaluation.
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