Biomaterial Database

Mature viral cathepsin is required for release of viral occlusion bodies from Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus-infected cells. 2021

Jeffrey J Hodgson, and Peter J Krell, and A Lorena Passarelli

Boyce Thompson Institute at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. Electronic address: jjh364@cornell.edu.

Baculovirus-infected larvae release progeny viral occlusion bodies (OBs) to enable cyclical virus transmission to new hosts. The alphabaculovirus chitinase and cathepsin enzymes cause terminal liquefaction of host insect cadavers, aiding OB dispersal. The mechanism of cell lysis required to release the OBs is unclear but here we show Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus cathepsin protease activity is required for efficient release of the host tissue-degrading chitinase and cathepsin enzymes and critical for release of progeny OBs from virus-infected cells. Comparisons between viruses containing or lacking cathepsin indicate that cathepsin was necessary for OB release into cultured cell media or hemolymph of insects. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of cysteine protease activity in cells during infection blocked maturation of active cathepsin and OB release from infected cells. Together, these results suggest an important link between baculovirus-induced cell lysis, the concomitant maturation of cathepsin, and cellular release of chitinase, cathepsin and progeny OBs from cells.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002403	Cathepsins	A group of lysosomal proteinases or endopeptidases found in aqueous extracts of a variety of animal tissues. They function optimally within an acidic pH range. The cathepsins occur as a variety of enzyme subtypes including SERINE PROTEASES; ASPARTIC PROTEINASES; and CYSTEINE PROTEASES.	Cathepsin
D000081363	Occlusion Bodies, Viral	A polyhedral or ovocylindrical shaped matrix composed of a single crystalline protein (OCCLUSION BODY MATRIX PROTEINS) in which VIRIONS are embedded. It is distinguished from the area of the CYTOPLASM or CELL NUCLEUS in which virus components are being synthesized and assembled, known as VIRAL INCLUSION BODIES.	Occluded Virions,Occluded Virus,Occlusion Body, Viral,Occlusion-Derived Virion,Polyhedral Inclusion Bodies,Polyhedral Inclusion Body,Polyhedral Occlusion Bodies,Polyhedral Occlusion Body,Viral Occlusion Bodies,Viral Occlusion Body,Bodies, Polyhedral Inclusion,Bodies, Polyhedral Occlusion,Bodies, Viral Occlusion,Body, Polyhedral Inclusion,Body, Polyhedral Occlusion,Body, Viral Occlusion,Inclusion Bodies, Polyhedral,Inclusion Body, Polyhedral,Occluded Virion,Occluded Viruses,Occlusion Bodies, Polyhedral,Occlusion Body, Polyhedral,Occlusion Derived Virion,Occlusion-Derived Virions,Virion, Occluded,Virion, Occlusion-Derived,Virions, Occluded,Virions, Occlusion-Derived,Virus, Occluded,Viruses, Occluded
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014764	Viral Proteins	Proteins found in any species of virus.	Gene Products, Viral,Viral Gene Products,Viral Gene Proteins,Viral Protein,Protein, Viral,Proteins, Viral
D016923	Cell Death	The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.	Death, Cell
D057056	Cysteine Proteases	A subclass of peptide hydrolases that depend on a CYSTEINE residue for their activity.	Cysteine Proteinases,Cysteine Protease,Cysteine Proteinase,Protease, Cysteine,Proteases, Cysteine,Proteinase, Cysteine,Proteinases, Cysteine
D061987	Sf9 Cells	Cell line derived from SF21 CELLS which are a cell line isolated from primary explants of SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA pupal tissue.	Sf21 Cell,Sf9 Cell,Spodoptera frugiperda 21 Cell,Spodoptera frugiperda 9 Cell,Sf21 Cells,Spodoptera frugiperda 21 Cells,Spodoptera frugiperda 9 Cells,Cell, Sf21,Cell, Sf9,Cells, Sf21,Cells, Sf9
D017924	Nucleopolyhedroviruses	Genera of the family BACULOVIRIDAE, characterized by the formation of crystalline, polyhedral occlusion bodies in the host cell nucleus. Nucleopolyhedrovirus is the common name for viruses from the Alphabaculovirus, Deltabaculovirus, or Gammabaculovirus genera.	Deltabaculovirus,Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus,Nucleopolyhedrovirus,Alphabaculovirus,Gammabaculovirus,Alphabaculoviruses,Deltabaculoviruses,Gammabaculoviruses,Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses,Polyhedrosis Virus, Nuclear,Polyhedrosis Viruses, Nuclear,Virus, Nuclear Polyhedrosis,Viruses, Nuclear Polyhedrosis
D018411	Spodoptera	A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.	Spodoptera frugiperda,Spodoptera frugiperdas,Spodopteras,frugiperdas, Spodoptera