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Biochemical and Morphological Characterization of Heterotrophic Crypthecodinium cohnii and Chlorella vulgaris Cell Walls. 2021

Greta Canelli, and Patricia Murciano Martínez, and Sean Austin, and Mark E Ambühl, and Fabiola Dionisi, and Christoph J Bolten, and Roberta Carpine, and Lukas Neutsch, and Alexander Mathys
Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

Microalgae are attractive for the food and cosmetic industries because of their nutrient composition. However, the bioaccessibility and extractability of nutrients in microalgae are limited by the rigid and indigestible cell wall. The goal of this study is to explore the cell wall polysaccharides (CWPSs) composition and morphology in heterotrophic Crypthecodinium cohnii and Chlorella vulgaris biomasses during growth. Our results showed that glucose was the major component of CWPSs and exopolysaccharides in C. cohnii. C. vulgaris CWPSs have a similar sugar profile in exponential and stationary phases, essentially composed of rhamnose and galactose. C. vulgaris cell wall thickness increased from 82 nm in the exponential phase to 114 nm in the stationary phase and consisted of two main layers. C. cohnii's cell wall was 133 nm thick and composed of several membranes surrounding thecal plates. Understanding of the microalgae cell wall helps developing a more efficient and targeted biorefinery approach.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002473 Cell Wall The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents. Cell Walls,Wall, Cell,Walls, Cell
D004141 Dinoflagellida Flagellate EUKARYOTES, found mainly in the oceans. They are characterized by the presence of transverse and longitudinal flagella which propel the organisms in a rotating manner through the water. Dinoflagellida were formerly members of the class Phytomastigophorea under the old five kingdom paradigm. Amphidinium,Dinoflagellata,Dinophyceae,Dinophycidae,Dinophyta,Dinophytes,Gambierdiscus toxicus,Gonyaulax,Gymnodinium,Peridinium,Pyrrhophyta,Pyrrophyta,Dinoflagellates
D048408 Chlorella vulgaris A species of green microalgae in the family Chlorellaceae. It is used as a model organism for PHOTOSYNTHESIS, and as a food supplement (DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS). Chlorella vulgari,vulgaris, Chlorella
D058086 Microalgae A non-taxonomic term for unicellular microscopic algae which are found in both freshwater and marine environments. Some authors consider DIATOMS; CYANOBACTERIA; HAPTOPHYTA; and DINOFLAGELLATES as part of microalgae, even though they are not algae. Microphytes
D018533 Biomass Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop. Biomasses

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