Biomaterial Database

Synthesis and application of cleavable and hydrophilic crosslinking reagents. 1977

H J Schramm, and T Dülffer

Bifunctional imidoesters are due to their mild reaction especially suitable for the crosslinking of proteins. Most often used are diimidates with a medium span (4 or 6 CH2-groups). Reagents with a wider span might be of interest. In such a case, however, the bridge should be more hydrophilic. Bifunctional imidoesters have, therefore, been prepared from dinitriles NC-(CH2)2-X-(CH2)2-CN; X being -O-, -O-(CH2)n-O- or -O-(CH2)m-O-(CH2)n-O-. The bridge of diimidoesters can also be labelled by coloured or fluorescent groups. Diimidoesters containing -S-S-bonds in the bridge can be cleaved more easily after their reaction with proteins. Dimethyl-3.3' -(8- delta -dithiahexamethylenedioxy)-dipropionimidate, a "long", cleavable and more hydrophilic diimidate, is a promising new reagent. In cases, where HS-(CH2)3-C(=NH)-OCH3- HC1 is is used for crosslinking of proteins, this reagent can possibly be replaced by 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride, a cyclic thioimidate, which is easier to prepare and to handle.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007094	Imides	Organic compounds containing two acyl groups bound to NITROGEN.	Imide
D007202	Indicators and Reagents	Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)	Indicator,Reagent,Reagents,Indicators,Reagents and Indicators
D007770	L-Lactate Dehydrogenase	A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.	Lactate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, L-Lactate,Dehydrogenase, Lactate,L Lactate Dehydrogenase
D008722	Methods	A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.	Techniques,Methodological Studies,Methodological Study,Procedures,Studies, Methodological,Study, Methodological,Method,Procedure,Technique
D011506	Proteins	Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.	Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D002621	Chemistry	A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.
D004952	Esters	Compounds derived from organic or inorganic acids in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an –O-alkyl or another organic group. They can be represented by the structure formula RCOOR’ and are usually formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water.	Ester
D055598	Chemical Phenomena	The composition, structure, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.	Chemical Concepts,Chemical Processes,Physical Chemistry Concepts,Physical Chemistry Processes,Physicochemical Concepts,Physicochemical Phenomena,Physicochemical Processes,Chemical Phenomenon,Chemical Process,Physical Chemistry Phenomena,Physical Chemistry Process,Physicochemical Phenomenon,Physicochemical Process,Chemical Concept,Chemistry Process, Physical,Chemistry Processes, Physical,Concept, Chemical,Concept, Physical Chemistry,Concept, Physicochemical,Concepts, Chemical,Concepts, Physical Chemistry,Concepts, Physicochemical,Phenomena, Chemical,Phenomena, Physical Chemistry,Phenomena, Physicochemical,Phenomenon, Chemical,Phenomenon, Physicochemical,Physical Chemistry Concept,Physicochemical Concept,Process, Chemical,Process, Physical Chemistry,Process, Physicochemical,Processes, Chemical,Processes, Physical Chemistry,Processes, Physicochemical