BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

An international study to develop the EAR-Q patient-reported outcome measure for children and young adults with ear conditions. 2021

Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
Dept of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 3N27, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Electronic address: aklass@mcmaster.ca.

BACKGROUND There is currently a lack of patient-reported outcome measures for ear reconstruction. We developed the EAR-Q to measure ear appearance and post-operative adverse effects from the patient perspective. METHODS Field-test data were collected from children and young adults in eight countries between 13 May 2016 and 12 December 2019. Rasch measurement theory (RMT) analysis was used to refine the scales and to examine their psychometric properties. RESULTS Participants had microtia (n = 607), prominent ears (n = 145) or another ear condition (n = 111), and provided 960 assessments for the Appearance scale (e.g., size, shape, photos), and 137 assessments for the Adverse Effects scale (e.g., itchy, painful, numb). RMT analysis led to the reduction of each scale to 10-items. Data fit the Rasch model for the Appearance (X2(80) = 90.9, p = 0.19) and Adverse Effects (X2(20) = 24.5, p = 0.22) scales. All items in each scale had ordered thresholds and good item fit. There was no evidence of differential item function for the Appearance scale by age, gender, language, or type of ear condition. Reliability was high for the Appearance scale, with person separation index (PSI) and Cronbach alpha values with and without extremes ≥0.92. Reliability for the Adverse Effects scale was adequate (i.e., PSI and Cronbach alpha values ≥0.71). Higher scores (liked appearance more) correlated with higher scores (better) on Psychological, Social and School scales. CONCLUSIONS The EAR-Q can be used in those 8-29 years of age to understand the patient perspective in clinical practice and research, and in addition, can be used to benchmark outcomes for ear reconstruction internationally.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D011594 Psychometrics Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures. Psychometric
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D004423 Ear The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE. Vestibulocochlear System,Vestibulocochlear Apparatus,Apparatus, Vestibulocochlear,Ears,System, Vestibulocochlear
D004427 Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body. Otologic Diseases,Otological Diseases,Disease, Ear,Disease, Otologic,Disease, Otological,Ear Disease,Otologic Disease,Otological Disease
D004954 Esthetics The branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of the beautiful. It includes beauty, esthetic experience, esthetic judgment, esthetic aspects of medicine, etc. Aesthetics
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000071066 Patient Reported Outcome Measures Assessment of the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured and directly reported by the patient. Patient Reported Outcome Measure,Patient-Reported Outcome,Patient-Reported Outcomes,Patient Reported Outcome,Patient Reported Outcomes,Outcome, Patient Reported,Outcome, Patient-Reported
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths

Related Publications

Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
Development of a New Patient-reported Outcome Measure for Ear Conditions: The EAR-Q.
August 2018, Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open,
Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
International study to develop the WOUND-Q patient-reported outcome measure for all types of chronic wounds.
August 2021, International wound journal,
Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
International multiphase mixed methods study protocol to develop a cross-cultural patient-reported outcome and experience measure for hand conditions (HAND-Q).
March 2019, BMJ open,
Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
International phase I study protocol to develop a patient-reported outcome measure for adolescents and adults receiving gender-affirming treatments (the GENDER-Q).
October 2018, BMJ open,
Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
International multiphase mixed methods study protocol to develop a cross-cultural patient-reported outcome instrument for children and young adults with cleft lip and/or palate (CLEFT-Q).
January 2017, BMJ open,
Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
International mixed methods study protocol to develop a patient-reported outcome measure for all types of chronic wounds (the WOUND-Q).
March 2020, BMJ open,
Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
Patient-reported outcome measure for children and young people with amelogenesis imperfecta.
September 2021, British dental journal,
Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
Post-stroke fatigue: an exploratory study with patients and health professionals to develop a patient-reported outcome measure.
April 2021, Journal of patient-reported outcomes,
Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
Engaging patients to develop a patient-reported outcome measure for the emergency department.
November 2018, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne,
Anne F Klassen, and Charlene Rae, and Neil W Bulstrode, and Beatriz Berenguer, and Chunxiao Cui, and David M Fisher, and Leila Kasrai, and Yiyuan Li, and Mark Lloyd, and Vivek Panchapakesan, and Andrea Pusic, and John Reinsch, and Ken Stewart, and Anna Todd, and Ryan Frank, and Elena Tsangaris, and Yi Wang, and Karen Wy Wong Riff, and Ruhong Zhang, and Stefan Cano
Mixed methods study to develop the content validity and the conceptual framework of the electronic patient-reported outcome measure for vascular conditions.
August 2020, BMJ open,
Copied contents to your clipboard!